Intestinal Parasites in Sheep and Goat. 291 



long, curved, transversely striated, with sharp edges, and bursa 

 narrow, bell-shaped. Female 13 to 24 mm. long, thick, to the 

 caudal extremity which, however, terminates in a sharp point, 

 curving upward. Vulva in front of the anus, yet very near the 

 tail, and surrounded by a yellowish brown encrustation. Ova 

 elliptical. 



Habitat. I,arge intestine and ileum of sheep, goat, chamois, 

 roebuck, argali, etc. Common in some localities. The ova pass 

 out with the manure in which they hatch and the embryos 

 survive without material growth for months. They also live 

 almost indefinitely in water. Taken in by the sheep they develop 

 into the mature worm. Baillet suspects that they pass the state 

 of larva (sexually immature) in cysts of the intestinal mucosa, 

 after the manner of the sclerostoma tetracarithum, but this has 

 not been demonstrated. 



Pathogenesis. Like other blood sucking worms they make 

 numerous wounds of the mucosa and by this as well as the 

 abstraction of blood, lead to local congestions, catarrhs, anaemia 

 and emaciation. 



Prevention and treatment are essentially as for strongyli and 

 uncinaria. 



Tichocephalus Affinis. This worm has already been de- 

 scribed as a parasite of the ox. It is much more common and 

 injurious in sheep, producing intestinal catarrhs and congestions, 

 with diarrhoea. The treatment is the same as for other blood 

 sucking worms. 



Anguillula Longus. Rhabdonema Longus. 



Anguillula Stercoralis. This resembles the anguillula of 

 man but is much larger (6 mm. long). Pathogenesis has not been 

 noticed. 



INTESTINAL PARASITES IN THE GOAT. 



These are almost identical with those of the sheep. It harbors 

 the Taenia Expansa, Strongylus Filicollis, CEsophagastoma 

 Venulosum, Sclerostoma Hypostomum Uncinaria Cernua, 

 and Trichocephalus Affinis. 



