296 Veterinary Medicine. 



Pathogenesis. When in small numbers it does little harm, but 

 where pigs are kept continuously in herds on the same ground, 

 or when they drink water which has drained from other pig pens 

 or yards, they often appear in great numbers and produce serious 

 intestinal disorder, indigestion, emaciation, colics, vomiting, ob- 

 structions of the bowels and watery diarrhoea. When it invades 

 the gall ducts or pancreatic ducts, serious hepatic disease, with 

 stupor, giddiness or jaundice may ensue, or imperfect digestion 

 of fats and albuminoids may come from the pancreatic obstruction. 



Treatment and prevention will be essentially the same as for 

 other nematoid worms. 



CEsophagastoma Dentatum. Rud.: CEs. Subulatum. 

 Molin. This is a small worm having a length of from 8 mm. 

 (male), to 15 mm. (female), narrowed at both ends, with wide 

 circular mouth and oesophagus, the former bounded by two ridges 

 of which the inner horny one bears a row of bristles, and the 

 latter six pointed papillae. Two other papillae project in the 

 oesophagus. 



They are found in the large intestine of swine and the white- 

 lipped pecari. Baillet has found them in the small intestine. 

 They are not usually present in great numbers and consequently 

 rarely do much damage. Any irritation caused by great num- 

 bers must be met by vermifuges as in the case of other intestinal 

 worms. 



Globocephalus Longimucronatus. Mol. This small worm 

 7 mm. long (male), 8 mm. long female, the male having a three- 

 lobed caudal membrane with its posterior ribstrifid, and its middle 

 ones bifid, and covering two spicula, was found by Wedl in the 

 small intestine of a- pig. It must be looked upon as rare and so 

 far as known comparatively harmless. 



Trichocephalus Crenatus, {Dispar) Rud.: Whipworm of 

 Swine. This resembles closely the whipworm of man and has 

 been supposed identical. It differs especially in the sheath of the 

 spiculum which is covered by short blunt spines that are especi- 

 ally numerous anteriorly. The spiculum is rounded and blunt. 

 The male is 40 mm. long and th.& female 45 mm. of which ^ds. 

 constitute the thread-like cephalic portion. They are oviparous, 

 and the spherical ova, hatch out in water or damp earth or other 

 media, and being swallowed in water or food, develop directly 

 into the mature worm (l/cuckart). 



