INTESTINAI, TREMATODES AND NEMATODES IN 



DOGS. 



Hemistoma Alatum: 3 to 6 mm. long, heart-shaped, lateral wings to 

 mouth ; in fox and dog. Distoma Echinatum : 4 to 15 mm. , red, lanceolate, 

 spiny; in ducks, geese, etc., and in dog's duodenum ; experimentally in 

 small rodents, sparrows. Pathogenesis : Duodenal catarrh ; vermifuge treat- 

 ment. Ascaris Marginata : Tapering at ends, head alated, mouth triangu- 

 lar, three tuberculated lips, ova globular, reticulated ; in duodenum and 

 stomach of dog, wolf, fox (and cat). Symptoms: Vomiting the worms, 

 catarrhal diarrhcfia, unthrift, emaciation, dry, scurfy coat, pot-belly, varia- 

 ble appetite, colic, epilepsy, disordered intellection, taciturnity, duodenal 

 catarrh, hsemorrhagic enteritis. Treatment : Areca nut powder, santonin , 

 etc. Prevention : Vermicides, pure water, burn dog manure, scald feeding 

 and drinking dishes. Oxyuris Vermicularis : Uncinaria Trigonocephala : 

 Bent upward near head, so that mouth deviates ; 9 to 21 mm. long, lateral 

 jaws each with three teeth ; eggs ovoid ; in small intestine of dog and fox. 

 (7. Stenocephala : Smaller than last, 6 to 10 mm. long, mouth small with 

 one sharp ventral tooth ; both uncinaria found in same dog. Uncinariosis : 

 Shown in packs, in damp kennels, near water. Symptoms : In ratio with 

 young worms taken ; debility, emaciation, spiritlessness, early fatigue, lan- 

 guid, sunken, pale eye, white mouth, unthrift, dandruff, red patches on 

 stifles, inside thighs or elbows, dry nose with purulent or bloody discharge, 

 dropsies, bleedings at intervals, diarrhoea, sloughing ; death in a few months 

 or a year. Diagnosis : Enzootic prevalence, with above symptoms, and 

 worms or ova in mucus or surface layer of faeces. Necropsy : Bloodless, hy- 

 droaemia, duodenal congestion with adherent worms, softened lymph glands. 

 Treatment : Vermifuges, tonics, generous feeding, thymol, areca nut, male 

 fern, kamala. Fowler's solution, iron, pepsin. Prevention. Quarantine 

 strange dogs, give vermifuges, give water from deep cemented wells only, 

 scald and whitewash kennels, manure burned. Whip worm, of dog : In 

 caecum ; direct from egg in 8 months. Cause congestion, thickening, ca- 

 tarrh, diarrhoea, licking anus or drawing it along ground, etc. Treatment : 

 Vermifuges. Prevention : Trichina Spiralis : Pilaria Hepatica : In intes- 

 tinal and biliary walls ; possibly larvae. 



Hemistoma Alatum. The Winged Hemistome. This 

 trematode, 3 to 6 mm. long by 1.5 mm. wide, has an elongated 

 heart-shape, and a pointed wing-like projection at each side of the 

 mouth which is terminal. It is common in the fox and was found 

 by Schone in 5 per cent, of draught dogs examined. 



Distoma Echinatum. Spinate D. Body 4 to 15 mm. long 

 and .5 to 2 mm. thick, rosy red, lanceolate, and skin covered 

 with fine spines anteriorly and obtuse plates behind. Head sep- 



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