Intestinal Trematodes and Nematodes in Dogs. 323 



chapped nose, a muco-purulent nasal discharge and in time drop- 

 sical effusions in the limbs and it may be into serous cavities. 

 Sooner or later there is epistaxis, at first merely staining the 

 purulent nasal discharge, but later more abundant, bright red and 

 profuse. The haemorrhages recur at intervals of days or weeks, 

 the muco-purulent discharge continuing in the intervals, and as 

 much as two ounces of blood may be lost at one time. In the end 

 diarrhoea sets in, becoming more and more profuse and foetid, dark 

 by reason of the effused blood and charged with mucus, epithelium 

 and even sloughs. The weakne.ss becomes extreme and conduces 

 with the constant recumbency to sloughing of the skin from prom- 

 inent points, and indirectly to local infections and poisoning. 

 The patient may survive a few months or it may be a year ac- 

 cording to the degree of infestment, and death takes place in 

 coma or convulsions. 



Diagnosis is based on the enzootic prevalence of the disease, 

 especially in packs or kennels, on its progressive extension and 

 encrease, its chronic tendency, on the itching anus, rhinitis, epi- 

 staxis and diarrhoea, and on the growing evidences of anaemia, 

 emaciation and weakness. But the conclusive evidence is secured 

 in the discovery in the faeces of the uncinaria or their ova. The 

 microscopic examination of the mucus from the defecation, or of 

 the surface layer will be likely to reveal the presence of the eggs, 

 and should this fail, the proce-ss of sedimentation (see under U. 

 Cernua) should be tried. Should even this fail a course of 

 anthelmintics should be administered and careful search made in 

 the faeces, (including sedimentation) for the presence of the 

 worms. 



Lesions. Oa post-mortem examination the pallor and bloodless- 

 ness of the various mucosae and other white tissues, stands out in 

 a marked way and the muscular system is pale, soft and flabby. 

 The blood lacks its rich, healthy, deep red color, and is watery 

 with a notable lack of red globules, and stains white paper less 

 deeply than in health. The duodenal mucosa, and to a less ex- 

 tent that of the jejunum and ileum, shows patches of congestion 

 and marked infiltration and thickening, the villi being enlarged 

 to five times their normal size and closely packed together, and 

 on these as well as on the other parts of the mucosa are deep red 

 haemorrhagic spots indicating the points attacked by the parasite. 



