324 Veterinary Medicine. 



The washed mucosa shows the worms in greater or lesser num- 

 bers attached by their mouths to the mucosa. The numbers are 

 greater in recent, severe cases, in a locaHty where the parasite 

 has been long prevalent, and with ample means of distribution. 

 There may, however, be a few only found in certain old and 

 chronic cases, in which the destructive early crop of worms have 

 died and been discharged, leaving the irreparable local lesions, 

 anaemia and marasmus. Swelling and softening of the lymph 

 glands of the mesentery is a marked feature of these advanced 

 cases. 



Treatment. Beside the measures adopted to prevent the intro- 

 duction of more embryos, this consists in vermifuges, tonics and 

 rich feeding. Choice may be made from the different anthelmin- 

 tics but the following are especially to be recommended : Thymol 

 according to the size of the puppy, or male fern extract. In 

 weak subjects areca nut, 20 to 30 grains daily is a safe and avail- 

 able drug. As in other forms of intestinal parasitism the patient 

 must be prepared by a fast for a day, and better still by a laxa- 

 tive. Megnin gives kamala in doses of 40 to 60 grains, with or 

 without Yt, a grain of calomel. Combinations of different agents 

 can be advantageously resorted to. 



The strength of the patients must be maintained by the most 

 generous diet (milk ; raw meat scraped or pulped for weak sub- 

 jects), and by tonics, nux, gentian, echinacea. Fowler's solution, 

 iron, pep.sin, etc. 



More than all, the preventive measures must be sedulously 

 carried out. 



Prevention. Avoid the aggregation of dogs on small areas. 

 Yxi. packs, every effort must be made to exclude the parasite, and 

 new dogs, especially such as come from suspected districts, must 

 be placed in quarantine and treated with vermifuges before join- 

 ing the rest. In cities a strict enforcement of license fees, and 

 the destruction of ownerless and neglected dogs are all import- 

 ant. In infested localities valuable dogs should not be allowed 

 to quench their thirst at any exposed pool or stream. At home 

 the water should be drawn from deep wells, in impermeable soils, 

 and with the mouth and upper strata carefully cemented against 

 seepage or drainage. The water and feeding troughs and dishes 

 must be washed daily and thoroughly scalded with boiling water. 



