Intestinal Trematodes and Nematodes in Dogs. 325 



The kennels must be frequently scrubbed with soap and water 

 and scalded, and may then be whitewashed with recently burned 

 quicklime, or with chloride of lime ^ lb. to the gallon. The 

 floors and yards should be washed daily, and kept scrupulously 

 clean, so that the dog will not carry the embryos on his feet to 

 the bone or food that he devours. Extreme cleanliness is needful 

 in the feeding place and it is better not to give food nor bones to 

 be eaten from the ground outside. Every affected animal must 

 be instantly removed and placed by himself for treatment, and 

 the kennel and yard must be thoroughly disinfected. The manure 

 from the sick should be burned, or mixed with quicklime, or 

 freely sprinkled with tar water and used on land that is not fre- 

 quented by dogs. 



Trichocephalus Depressiusculus. Whip-worm of the 

 Dog. This has the same length in male and female, 45 mm. to 

 75 mm., and the cephalic filiform portion con.stitutes three-fourths 

 of the entire length. The skin is marked by fine folds and trans- 

 verse striae. The mouth is very small and terminal, the anus is 

 also terminal in the female, while in the male it opens in front of 

 the end by an orifice common also to the genital organs with 

 which the intestine has united to form a cloaca. In the male the 

 spiculum is excessive, 9-1 1 mm., and its sheath is covered with 

 blunt scales in the proximate half. The female has a single ovary 

 which, as a dilated tube, extends from near the anus to the an- 

 terior portion of the thick division of the body, curves back as a 

 smaller tube, and ends in a dilated sac (uterus), the efferent duct 

 of which opens on an elevation near the line of union of the thick 

 and filiform parts of the body. Eggs oval, 70 /u to 80 /n long, by 

 32 /i to 35 /t broad. 



Habitat. This worm is found, not unfrequently, in the caecum 

 of puppies and older dogs, with head and neck deeply buried in 

 the mucosa sucking the blood. Railliet found what he believed 

 to be the same species in the jejunum of a ferret. The whip- 

 worm of the fox, as described by Dujardin, presented minor dif- 

 ferences, yet it is probably the same with the Depressiusculus. 



Development. Railliet found that the ova placed in water in 

 February took five months to form complete embryos, and 

 that such eggs fed to dogs without breaking the shells, devel- 

 oped into the mature worm in three months more. This allowed 



