PARASITES OF THE LIVER. 



Infections and parasitisms through the portal blood. Monocercomonas 

 Hepatica : In pigeon's liver ; amoeboid, two flagelli, caseated foci pin-head 

 to hazel-nut. Saccharomyces Guttulatus, in bile ducts, rabbit, caseous 

 masses. Eimeria Falciformis : In rabbit's liver ; effects like coccidium 

 oviforme. Coccidiosis of liver : Rabbit. Coccidium Oviforme : Eimeria 

 Falciformis. Lesions : Yellowish white tumors ; wheat grain to hazel-nut ; 

 dense coat of hypertrophied bile ducts enclosing fatty epithelium and coc- 

 cidia. Symptoms: Poor appetite, lifeless, emaciation, pallor, icterus, un- 

 thrifty skin, diarrhoea, ascites ; sediment of fseces shows coccidium. Causes 

 a true plague ; 90 per cent, in English warrens. Prevention : Asphalt floors, 

 clean, dry, plaster, copperas, dry food, segregation ; kill, burn sick, scald 

 warrens, copperas, bluestone, sulphuric acid. Treatment : Salicylates, hy- 

 posulphites, etc. Coccidiosis of dog's liver. Actinomycosis in ox and pig ; 

 hard, fibrous externally, softer in centre ; in common with other abdominal 

 actinomycosis. Diagnosed by presence of other superficial, actinomycotic 

 growths. Larval Cestodes : Table of cystic and mature forms. Cysticercus 

 tenuicollis : Usually harmless, fatal cases with signs of internal haemor- 

 rhage. Treatment, preventive. Cysticercus pisiform,is in rabbit. Symp- 

 tom,s exceptional ; emaciation, anaemia, jaundice. Treatm,ent, preventive. 

 Echinococcus in liver : Tcenia Fitnbriata in liver, in deer, sheep ; Ameri- 

 can. Mature 5 to 10 inches long ; posterior border of segment fringed, over- 

 lapping the next. Distribution : S. America, Mexico, Pacific Slope, Sierras, 

 Rockies, Plains east to Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri. In duodenum and 

 gall ducts of lambs and mature sheep ; taken in one summer, are mature 

 and lay eggs the following summer ; larval host unknown. Symptom.s : In 

 end of summer and to January, emaciation, intestinal catarrh, clapped wool, 

 little yolk, debility, paper skin ; pendent, fluctuating belly, dropsy, vertigo, 

 irritability, paresis, 'loco.' Lesions: Anaemia, dropsy, congested duode- 

 num and liver ; young suffer worst. Treatment : Arsenions acid, areca nut, 

 thymol, naphthalin. Prevention : Keep ewes, lambs and young sheep from 

 old sheep pastures, from wet places, rain-soaked ground and devtry or wet 

 grass, from open ponds, streams or lakes ; give water from deep wells in 

 raised troughs, often cleaned and salted ; generous feeding, grain from clean 

 troughs ; shelter. Stephanuras Dentatus in liver ; pig ; 7 lines to i ^ inch 

 long, encysted with semipurulent debris, causing hepatic congestion, and 

 degeneration, and constitutional disturbance, which has been taken for hog 

 cholera. Treatment : Prophylactic ; exclude hogs from infested land, 

 ponds, lakes or streams ; water from deep wells, in troughs often cletoed, 

 scalded and salted ; keep from abattoirs and their drains and raw products. 

 Avoid large herds in infested districts. 



The liver is preeminently predisposed to parasitic invasion on 

 account of its position as the field for distribution of the blood 

 brought from the stomach and intestines by the portal vein. The 

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