338 Veterinary Medicine. 



through the liver in their progress toward the other organs and 

 membranes. He fed ripe segments of taenia marginata to lamb 

 and kid respectively and on their death in ten days, he found the 

 liver congested and that it oozed blood on the slightest pressure. 

 The liver was found to be traversed by small winding channels 

 filled with clotted blood, except where occupied by two or three 

 transparent globular vesicles (the cy-sticercus embryos). One kid 

 survived until the twenty-fifth day, when the liver showed com- 

 plete disorganization, and the peritoneum violent inflammation. 

 In the rapidly fatal cases there was extensive blood extravasation 

 into the abdomen. 



A similar fatality has been exceptionally seen in cases occurring 

 casually. Putz reports a fatal hepatitis and peritonitis in a Cow 

 which had an enormous development of cysticercus tenuicollis in 

 the liver. Boudeaux describes a similar occurrence in the Pig 

 with symptoms resembling those of pneumo-enteritis. Leuckhart 

 and Zschokke also draw attention to the occurrence of fatal re- 

 sults in- this animal. Others have found the pig's liver studded 

 with numerous cysticerci varying in .size from a millet seed 

 (Walley), to a hazel-nut or hen's egg (Semmer). 



The symptoms in fatal cases are those of internal haemorrhage, 

 encrea.sing pallor of the mucous membranes, sunken eyes, weak, 

 rapid, irritable pulse and gradually encreasing weakness. With 

 both lungs and liver affected Boudeaux's pig had symptoms re- 

 sembling-those of pneumo-enteritis. 



But in the great majority of casual cases the cysticerci are pres- 

 ent only in small numbers, and are found only after death and 

 often in fat animals. In such cases the cysts are found more 

 numerously in the peritoneum and other organs, having traversed 

 the liver singly or in small numbers without creating appreciable 

 irritation or symptoms. 



Treatment must be mainly preventive, as nothing will save the 

 animal if it devours a number of ripe segments of the taenia and 

 the innumerable eggs which they contain, and if the countless 

 embryos derived from these invade the liver at the same time. 

 The chief precautions are to destroy unnecessary dogs, to cook 

 the food of such as must be kept, and to treat them periodically 

 for tape-worms. 



