346 Veterinary Medicine. 



tricodectes latiis of the dog suggests a possibility of the discovery 

 of the missing host of the cyst in some epizoon of the sheep. In 

 such a case the true, effective and easy protection will be found 

 in medicated baths or salves which will destroy the epizoa in 

 question, and render the propagation of the tape- worm impossi- 

 ble. 



STBPHANURUS DENTATUS IN THE LIVER OP THE PIG. 



(See Worms of the Kidney.) 



PARASITES OF THE LIVER. Continued. 



Distomatosis : Definition: Flukes in gall ducts. Cause: Distoma Hepat- 

 icum : Flat, leaf-like, ^ to i inch, conical head, terminal sucker, ventral 

 sucker back of neck ; body covered with scaly spines inclined backward, bi- 

 sexual, lateral digestive and water vascular canals ; eggs brown, oval, with 

 operculum at one end. Development: Ovum, ciliated embryo, brood cap- 

 sule in mollusc, cercaria free in fresh water, cercaria encysted in glutinous 

 matter on aquatic plants ; young fluke free in stomach, duodenum, and 

 gall ducts. Mollusc host limnea truncatula or other soft snail ; infests her- 

 bivora, especially ruminants and omnivora. Distoma Lanceotatum : 3 to 4 

 lines, lozenge shaped, skin smooth, ovum with operculum, development like 

 hepaticum. Mollusc host uncertain. Accessory causes: Wet seasons, in- 

 undations, autumn and spring, undrained, wet ground, deltas, low islands, 

 bottoms, basins, ponds, lakes ; salt marshes and salt springs escape, having 

 no fresh water snails ; frost inimical ; low condition, debility. Symptoms : 

 Transient improveme'nt for one or two months, then anEemia, dropsy, ema- 

 ciation, conjunctiva pale yellow, puffy, infiltrated, paper skin, razor-back, 

 flattened wool, little yolk, dropsy in or under chest or abdomen, and under 

 jaw ; leaves flock, pendent head, drooping ears, sunken eyes, easily fatigued, 

 or made breathless, abortions, appetite irregular, ardent thirst, variable 

 bowels, ova in faeces. Duration : Cut short by hepatitis or apoplexy, or 

 death in one or two months, or longer. Recovery. Lesions : Swelling and 

 congestion of liver ; later thickening of walls of gall duels, with salts in- 

 crusting their mucosa, • anaemia, pallor, dropsy, absence of fat, or of rigor 

 mortis ; flukes in gall ducts or bladder, congestion in lungs, etc. Often 

 other parasitisms of lungs, bowels, etc. Prevention : Thorough drainage to 

 destroy intermediate host ; cultivate frogs and toads or, in the rivers and 

 ponds, carp ; put infested pastures under a rotation of crops, avoid waters 

 from infested pastures, turn on salt marshes, licks or salted ground, salt 

 freely in food and water ; top-dress pastures with lime, avoid overstocking ; 

 boil, burn or deeply bury victims ; put new purchases on dry, saudy soil or 

 salt marsh ; soil sheep, feed generously. Treatment : Tonics, naphthalin, 

 picrate of potash, arsenic ; generous feeding. 



