362 Veterinary Medicine. 



upon to kill the flukes in the gall ducts. The dilution consequent 

 on absorption into the blood of the portal vein serves to render 

 most vermifuges ineffective. 



Tonics. The various bitter tonics, aromatics and astringents 

 act in the main by sustaining the con.stitutional vigor and en- 

 abling the patient to outlive the attack in case of a mild infesting. 

 Among the agents thus used have been gentian, wormwood, ab- 

 sinthum, wild chicory, oak bark, willow bark, fir or pine leaves, 

 chestnut, germander, acorns, quassia, madder, juniper berries, 

 pepper, anise, burnet, etc. Compounds of iron, common salt and 

 other tonics are used as advised under prevention. Vermifuges. 

 Volatile and diffusible agents like kerosene, crude petroleum, as- 

 afoetida, garlic, creosote and heavy empyreumatic oils have been 

 lauded. Benzine (2 drs.), naphthalin (10 to 15 grs.), naphthol 

 (8-10 grs.) oil of turpentine (i dr.), daily are among the best, 

 and any one may be given twice a day for a week. Picrate of 

 potash, liver of antimony, and tincture of iodine have each been 

 tried with little effect. Arsenious acid (^ gr.) daily for some 

 weeks tends to destroy the flukes and tone up the system and has 

 been successful in mild cases. 



The greatest care must be taken to protect the patients against 

 taking in more of the parasites, all of the preventive measures 

 prescribed being adopted. Then in the moderate cases a liberal 

 feeding on grain or farina with iron, aromatic and bitter tonics, 

 will often enable the patient to survive, and the liberal daily use 

 of common salt (2 drs.) and one or other of the diffusible vermi- 

 fuges above named, or of arsenic will serve to reduce the numbers 

 of the flukes, and bring about a favorable result. The average 

 uncertainty of this result, however, and the enforced and pro- 

 longed seclusion of the patient to prevent contamination of fresh 

 pastures, constitute serious drawbacks to treatment. 



DISTOMA SPATULATUM. D. JAPONICUM. D. SINENSE. 



This like the Paragonimus is a native of Japan, and infests 

 both man and cat. The worm is colorless, or slightly pink, 

 translucent, and marked off into a cephalic and a caudal part by 

 an indentation at each side, with the ventral sucker at the line of 

 union. The dark colored uterus and the white testis, vas de- 

 ferens, ovary, etc. shine through the transparent skin. The skin 



