Parasites of the Liver. 363 



is glabrous, the venter more convex than the dorsum, and the 

 caudal end forms a rounded angle. The worm is 11 to 12 mm. 

 long, by 2 to 3 mm. broad. The ova are unusually small, ovoid, 

 and transparent. 



The mature fluke infests the gall ducts and bladder of man 

 and cat, a single cat having furnished 600 specimens. The 

 transformations of the parasite and the intermediate host of the 

 larval form are unknown. 



The symptoms are disturbed digestion, morbid appetite, enlarge- 

 ment of the liver, with rounding of its edges, vomiting, enlarged 

 spleen, emaciation, diarrhoea, ascites and marasmus. The dis- 

 covery of the ova in the faeces is conclusive. Much, however, 

 depends on the number of flukes present, under a slight infest- 

 ment men have continued to follow their usual avocations with 

 comfort for a period of six years. 



Prevention will follow the lines laid down for Distoma Hepati- 

 cum, with special application to the victims. Cats must be with- 

 held from drinking ditch or other surface water, and their 

 numbers must be restricted. Men must avoid all surface water 

 unboiled, and all uncooked vegetables. Human and feline bowel 

 dejections .should be treated with salt or other vermicide and kept 

 from land which is employed for raising fresh vegetables. 



Distoma Pelinum, once held to be identical with D. Hepati- 

 cum is now held to be distinct. Its prevention and treatment 

 must be similar to that adopted for the hepaticum. 



OTHER PARASITES OF THE GAI,I, DUCTS. 



Among other parasites which enter the gall ducts from the 

 duodenum may be named for the different genera of domestic 

 animals as follows : 



Horse : Sclerostoma Equinum. 



Cattle: Amphistoma Explanatum. Ascaris Bovis. 



Pig : CEsophagostoma Dentatum. Ascaris Suis. 



Dog: Distoma Truncatum. D. Conjunctum. D. Cam- 

 panulatum. 



Cat: Ollulanus Tricuspis. DLstoma Truncatum. 



ADDITIONAL PARASITES IN THE LIVER. 



Dog : Filaria Hepatica. Eustrongylus Gigas. Cysti- 



cercus Cellulosae. 

 Pig : Cysticercus Cellulosae. 



