Parasites of the spleen. 365 



treatment impossible. Prevention depends on the adoption of intelligent 

 measures against parasites generally. 



The spleen harbors the same parasites as the liver and peri- 

 toneum though they are by no means so common, probably 

 because the organ is less directly in the track of the portal circu- 

 lation. 



Linguatula denticulata has been found in cysts of the spleen 

 of man and dog, the walls of the older cysts being often creta- 

 ceous. (See Linguatula taenioides). 



Cysticercus cellulosa occurs in man and pig though not 

 frequently. 



Cysticercus tenuicoUis is found attached to the splenic peri- 

 toneum in herbivora. 



Echinococcus is the most common cystic worm of the spleen 

 in man, herbivora and omnivora. Thomas records 88 cases in 

 man, of which the spleen alone was affected in 45. Sommer 

 found the spleen affected in 37 out of 1681 cases of echinococcus, 

 and Stengel in 5 out of 79 cases occuring in North America. 

 Ostertag found in a cow's spleen an old multilocular echinococcus, 

 partly calcified, and with a very dense, thick, fibrous envelope. 

 DieckerhofI met, in a horse's spleen, with an acephalocyst about 

 two inches in diameter. 



Distoma hepaticum was found by Lucet, alive in a cyst of 

 the spleen of a cow, and Carnet had a similar experience. 



OEsophagostoma columbiana or its greenish, calcified cyst 

 is occasionally found under the splenic peritoneum in sheep. 



Actinomycosis of the spleen is not unknown and may attain 

 to a large size, binding the organ to neighboring viscera, as in the 

 ca.se reported by Reinemann. 



The parasitic affections of the spleen are rarely to be recognized 

 during life so that it is superfluous to refer to treatment. The 

 most reasonable course is to adopt measures for the extermination 

 of injurious parasites from the locality and to protect the animal 

 system against invasion. 



PARAGONIMUS WKSTERMANNII ; LUNG FLUKB OF MAN, DOG, CAT 



AND PIG. 



Synonyms; Distoma Westermannii, D. Pulmonale; D. 

 Ringeri ; Mesogonimus ; Clinostoma, etc. 



