Verminous Bronchitis and Pneumonia in Sheep. t,']2i 



half-measures, speciously based on unquestionably scientific facts, 

 but ignoring others no less important, that render sanitary work 

 imperfect and bring upon it discredit and condemnation. If the 

 infested hogs and all their products can be thoroughly sterilized 

 and the pork put upon the market, as canned goods, for example, 

 no possible injury can accrue. 



DISTOMA MAGNUM. D. TEXICANUM. GIANT FLUKE OP THE 

 OX AND DEER. 



This fluke was found by Bassi encysted in the lungs of Italian 

 deer, later it has been frequently found in the lungs of American 

 cattle, and to a lesser extent in the liver and duodenum. In ex- 

 ternal outline it resembles the Distoma Hepaticum for which it 

 was long mistaken. It is now known to be a distinct variety and, 

 as shown by Hassall and Francis, not uncommon in the Western 

 and Southern States, and most commonly found encysted in the 

 lung in the midst of a circumscribed area of pulmonary conges- 

 tion. 



The worm is 57 to 68 mm. long, by 24 to 35 mm. broad. As 

 usually met with in cattle it has not been in great numbers, and 

 it has so little interfered with health that the animals were 

 slaughtered in fair or high condition. Bassi, however, obtained 

 no parasites from a single deer, and under favorable conditions 

 one can easily realize that it might prove dangerous or destruc- 

 tive. 



VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS AND PNEUMONIA IN SHEEP. 

 LUNG WORMS. PULMONARY STRONGYLOSIS. 

 HOOSE. HUSK. PAPER SKIN. LAMB DISEASE. 



Verminous Bronchitis in Sheep. Strongylus Filaria : The longest of the 

 sheep lung-worms ; 3 to lo cm. long, fine, white, head round, non-alated, no 

 buccal papillae, oesophagus club-shaped ; male with bell-shaped caudal mem- 

 brane, having ten ribs, bilobed, bifid and trifid from before back ; ovovivi- 

 parous ; ova elliptical. Hosts : Bronchia of sheep, goat, dromedary, camel, 

 roe buck, fallow-deer, argale, gazelle. Development : Ovum laid in bron- 

 chia, hatches out embryo, which escapes; may live in moist earth or 

 water for months, in two weeks moults, re-enters the sheep in water or food, 

 or dried up as dust, for new internal habitat. S. Rufescens : Shorter, 2}i to 



