374 Veterinary Medicine. 



■^Yz cm long; skin transparent showing viscera brownish red, head not 

 alated, three labial papillae, caudal bursa has seven ribs ; oviparous ; ova 

 elliptical ; yolk segmented after laying ; embryo has pointed tail. Hosts : 

 Bronchia and air-cells, sheep, goat, roe buck. Development : As in filaria, 

 yet ovum unsegmented till laid ; embryo more viable in water, encysts itself 

 in air-cells, with results like miliary tubercle ; when mature enters bronchia 

 and breeds ; alive after three days' drying ; infests old sheep more than 

 filaria does, is more destructive. 5. Capillaris : History of lung strongylo- 

 sis. Causes : Parasite, wet seasons and lands, low, damp undrained pas- 

 tures, ponds, lakes, rivers, inundations, deltas, low islands, irrigation, water- 

 shed from infested ground, dry seasons, debility, overstocking, dews, show- 

 ers, night pasturage, low health, intestinal worms, pasturing lambs after 

 sheep, common feeding and drinking troughs. Lesions: Bronchitis, pro- 

 fuse purulent exudate, containing worms and ova, blocking, dilatation, col- 

 lapse, tuberculiform miliary nodules with embryos in air-cells, soft or cal- 

 cic, lobular pneumonia, complex bacteridian infection. Symptoms : enzoo- 

 tic bronchitis, without patent climatic cause, little hyperthermia, husky 

 cough, wheezing or auscultation, or mucous rile, slow advance, expectora- 

 tion with worms or ova ; diarrhoea, emaciation, ansemia, sunken eyes, flat- 

 tened wool, shedding, little yolk, thirst, eat earth, young suffer most. 

 Diagnosis : Repute of pasture or water ; introduction by diseased sheep, 

 whole flock suffers, no cause in weather, etc. ; no fever, cough paroxysmal, 

 wheezing, free expectoration with worms. Prevention : Keep from infested 

 pastures, especially the damp parts, from irj-jgated pastures, ponds, lakes, 

 basins, infested waters, dewy or wet pastures, soil in morning, rotation of 

 crops, new-seeded pastures for lambs, burn, boil, or bury carcases, salt freely, 

 feed generously, give tonics. Treatment : Tonic and vermifuge ; salt, tar, 

 tansy, absinth, wormwood, copperas, garlic, onions, asafcetida ; vermifuge, 

 potash picrate, creosote, oil of turpentine. Fumigations : Sulphur, chlo- 

 rine, tar, juniper, asafcetida; injections in trachea, salt, iodine, ol terebinth, 

 carbolic acid, benzine, thymol. 



This affection is very prevalent in many localities and causes 

 widespread destruction in flocks, especially in the young, under 

 a year old. It is caused by either or both of two species of worms : 

 the Strongylus filaria and the Strongylus rufescens. The 

 Strongylus Paradoxus of swine is held by Koch to infest sheep 

 but this must be rare. 5". Capillaris of the Goat must also be 

 named. 



STRONGYLUS FILARIA. 



This is the longer of the two common lung worms of 

 sheep : The Male is 3 to 5 cm. long, and the female 5 to 10 

 cm. and of the thickness of a .stout cotton thread. It has a white 

 body, with a dark longitudinal line, of uniform thickness and 

 slightly attenuated at each end. Head rounded, perceptibly en- 

 larged ; without alse ; mouth terminal, round without noticeable 



