Verminous Bronchitis in Calves, 383 



daily up to 5 drachms. Equal parts of oil of turpentine and 

 some bland oil ( olive or poppy seed ) may be used in a dose of 

 2 drachms. Or to the last may be added i or 2 per cent, of car- 

 bolic acid : dose 2 drachms. Benzine and olive oil, equal parts : 

 dose 2 to 3 drachms daily. Pure benzine (i dr.) is perhaps best. 



Treatment of resultant pneumonia is not promising apart from 

 the destruction of the worms, yet sulphurous acid if not too con- 

 centrated has a directly soothing and tonic effect on the irritated 

 mucosa. Laxatives and diuretics will often help by eliminating 

 absorbed toxins and the results of pulmonary and bronchial in- 

 flammation, and the external application of aqua ammonia, or if 

 the sheep has been shorn, of ammonia soap will be useful. 



Measures directed toward the removal of intestinal worms 

 should never be neglected. 



VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS IN CALVES. HOOSE. 

 HUSK. LUNG WORMS. 



Verminous Bronchitis in Calves. Strongylus Micrurus : i to 3 inches 

 long ; copulatory caudal membrane of male five-ribbed, tail of female a 

 sharp point ; ovoviviparous. Hosts : Calves, bovines. Strongylus Pulmo- 

 naris : Smaller than micrurus, 7 to 13 lines long, papillae on mouth, caudal 

 male membrane with seven ribs, female tail pointed. Hosts : Calves, bo- 

 vines. History : Development as in S. filaria ; accessory cause-i as in filaria 

 substituting bovine for ovine victim, and source. Lesions : Bronchitis ; 

 muco-purulent exudate with worms and ova, lobular congestion of lungs, 

 miliary nodules as in sheep. Symptoms : Bronchitis or pneumonia, in whole 

 young herd, vrithout climatic cause, or special fever, cough, first hard, sec- 

 ond wheezing or mucous, free expectoration with worms or ova, anorexia, 

 debility, emaciation, anaemia, dry, scurfy, hide-bound skin, sunken eyes, 

 leaves herd, prey of flies, diarrhoea. Diagnosis : Above symptoms under 

 conditions favorable to the worms. Duration, 10 to 90 days. Prevention : 

 As for lung worms in sheep, cattle being substituted. Treatment : As for 

 sheep, but more active. 



Like the corresponding affection in sheep, this is prevalent in 

 certain localities, and causes extensive losses in young calves 

 under a year old. Older cattle may harbor the worms, but rarely 

 or never suffer to a fatal extent. The disease is caused by two 

 species of worms— strongylus micrurus and strongylus pul- 

 monaris. 



