386 Veterinary Medicine. 



tuberculosis), on the presence of numerous small areas of wheez- 

 ing in the lungs, and of limited areas of dulness on percussion, 

 and above all the presence of mature or embryo worms or eggs 

 in the expectoration. This last, the only real diagnostic symptom, 

 may be hidden by the habit of swallowing the expectoration, and 

 it may become necessary to pull out the tongue with the left hand, 

 while with the right the larynx is tickled to arouse the cough, 

 and the mucus is seized and withdrawn as soon as it is coughed 

 up. 



Duration of the disease will vary in the affected calves, which live 

 two or three months in the milder cases, while in the more severe, 

 death may ensue in ten or fifteen days. It must be borne in 

 mind that death may occur at any time from blocking of the 

 bronchi. 



Prevention. This is essentially the same as in the case of the 

 lung worms of sheep, with the simple qualification that the worms 

 in this case are known to infest cattle only, and thus horses and 

 sheep may safely occupy the pastures that have been infested by 

 cattle, and cattle may safely feed on lands contaminated by horses 

 and sheep. Bearing this in mind as a qualifying principle, the 

 same precautions may be taken as regards soil, drainage, pud- 

 dles, ponds, lakes, rivers, open or shallow wells, swamps, infested 

 strange animals, overstocking, dry seasons, low condition, youth, 

 etc., (see Prevention of Lung Worms in Sheep'). 



Treatment. This also is the same as in the sheep (which 

 see). The calf is, however, a stronger patient and may be 

 treated somewhat more vigorously. Neumann and Jaune succeeded 

 with asafoetida 4 ozs. , Chabert's empyreumatic oil 8 ozs., muci- 

 lage I qt. : Dose Yt, oz. daily for a month, in milk. Read suc- 

 ceeded with a mixture of sulphuric ether 2 ozs., and oil of 

 turpentine i dr. : Dose, 2 teaspoonfuls poured into the nose with 

 the head elevated, and repeated for several days. Chloroform 

 and rectified oil of amber were equally effective. Kriwonogow 

 succeeded with oil of cloves and oil of turpentine 3 ozs. of each, 

 carbolic acid and olive oil 2 drs. of each : Dose, 2 drachms, inter- 

 tracheally. Hutton used oil of turpentine 3 ozs. ; laudanum, 

 carbolic acid and water 3 ozs. : Dose J^ oz. intertracheally, 

 every day, or every second or third day according to urgency. 

 Benzine 2 drs. intertracheally has proved best in my hands. 



