Parasites of the Air Passages and Lungs of Birds. 393 



Symptoms. These consist in attacks of dyspnoea referable to 

 the blocking of the pulmonary capillaries, and which are inter- 

 mittent or remittent, coinciding with the attaining of maturity by 

 a generation of females, the laying of eggs and the hatching of a 

 crop of embryos. Death may occur during one of these attacks, 

 or at other times from interference with the action of the heart, 

 or the patient may recover providing the introduction of fresh em- 

 bryos is prevented. Labat notes a systolic blowing sound in the 

 femoral artery. The best diagnostic symptom is the discovery of 

 the embryos in the frothy mucus expectorated. 



Prevention and Treatment. In localities where these worms 

 prevail precautions should be taken against the lapping by dogs 

 of water from puddles where afEected dogs have preceded them. 

 Giving boiled water would be the safest course. Salted food 

 would also tend to destroy the embryos. La fosse 'believed that 

 he destroyed the worms by giving J^ to i dr. oil of turpentine in 

 pill form daily for a week. Labat claimed equal success with 

 Bordeaux turpentine, J^ to i dr. daily with calcined magnesia or 

 yolk of egg. Fowler's solution of arsenic, 10 drops daily, might 

 also be tried. 



PARASITES OF THF AIR PASSAGES AND LUNGS OF 



BIRDS. 



History : Common receptivity in birds. Variety : Smoky aspergillus, 

 black, green, white ; green and white require low temperature, rare in lungs ; 

 the black fails to branch. Smoky aspergillus the most dangerous. Lesions : 

 In trachea, bronchia, lungs, air- sacks in the soft tissues ; round or discoid, 

 yellow or greenish yellow, tuberculoid masses ; lymphoid and giant cells, 

 central caseous degeneration, peripheral hepatization ; clearing by potash 

 reveals spores and mycelium. Causes : Injection into axillary vein kills in 

 3 or 4 days, into the lungs in 10 to 20 days ; spores inhaled in feeding or 

 drinking from same dish, or feeding birds through the same tube. Symp- 

 toms : Hurried breathing, open beak, ronchus, glairy nasal discharge, ano- 

 rexia, thirst, fever, leaves flock, droops head, wings and tail, emaciation, de- 

 bility, diarrhoea. Prevention : Separate infected birds, burn their carcases, 

 clean house and run, spray walls, floor, etc., with mercuric chloride, wash 

 with chloride of lime, bluestone, scald dishes. Treatment : Fumigation ; 

 wood tar, sulphur fumes, creolin, cresolin, terpinol, naphthalin ; inject 

 into larynx hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodide, sodum bisulphite. As- 

 pergillus in cows: Nodules with mycelium, anorexia, agalactia, cough. 



