Parasites of the Air Passages and Lungs of Birds. 397 



closed and filled with sulphurous acid or chlorine gas, for several 

 hours. The floors and yard, or run, should be frequently sprink- 

 led with freshly burned quicklime, or a solution (5:100) of cop- 

 peras or sulphuric acid. The drinking and feeding dishes should 

 be filled every few days with water at the boiling temperature 

 and allowed to stand until cooled to 150° F. 



Therapeutic Treatment. The small value of the fowls in- 

 dividually will often forbid careful treatment of the sick. If 

 otherwise, fumigation is the most promising resort. Neumann 

 advises the vapor of wood tar set free in a close building contain- 

 ing the patients. A spoonful of wood tar is put in a pint of water 

 and stirred with a red hot iron, care being taken to prevent suffo- 

 cation by making the vapors too dense. Sulphur fumes may be 

 used in the same way, but with all due precaution as birds are 

 very easily suffocated. A safe and effective method is to keep 

 the patients in a close room, having the air constantly but slightly 

 impregnated with sulphurous acid, tar, cresolin, terpinol, ornaph- 

 thalin. Hydrogen dioxide .solution (1:3) may be injected into 

 the larynx and bronchia. Solutions of potassium iodide or sodium 

 bisulphite may be used in the same way. Convalescent birds 

 should not be returned to the main flock until after a considerable 

 lapse of time. 



FUNGI IN THE AIR-PASSAGES OF MAMMALS. 



Zurn, Schtitz, Roeckl, Konig, Mazzanti, Hartenstein, and 

 Piani have noted aspergillus fumigatus in the lungs of cows. 

 It caused nodules like hempseed in the substance of the lungs 

 with adjacent pneumonic and even pleuritic lesions. The no- 

 dules represented the alveoli and showed mycelium in the centre 

 and radiating outward. They had anorexia, agalactia, weakness, 

 paroxysmal cough, sighing, grunting, breathing and the ob- 

 jective symptoms of broncho-pneumonia. 



Mazzanti found in a lamb, puriform nodules, like hempseed, 

 containing radiating filaments and spores growing outward from 

 the seat of the air cells. These were surrounded by an area of 

 pneumonia or peribronchitis. Schiitz, Lucet, Thary, Martin and 

 Rivolta have found nodules in the horse's lung, with a surround- 

 ing area of pneumonia, and containing mycelia and spores. 

 Similar nodules were found in the liver (Martin), atid in the 



