Parasites of the Circulatory System. 403 



a similar coincidence. JakimofE of Kazan found i or 2 nematode 

 embryos in each drop of blood of a horse suffering from haema- 

 turia and which made an early recovery. Again Mazzanti of 

 Pisa found nematode embryos in the hepatic vessels of a horse 

 and which he believed to cause nodules in the hepatic tissue. 

 These he alleges were quite different from the embryos of filaria 

 papillosa. These minute round worms varied in different cases 

 from 10 to 180 /A in length, and from 2.85 to 5.7 /a in thickness. 

 The well-known migratory habits of several of the nematodes of 

 the horse must leave in .some doubt the identity of minute agam- 

 ous worms which may be the embryos of one or other of these 

 mature forms. 



VERMINOUS CUTANEOUS HEMORRHAGE IN THE HORSE. 

 DERMATORRHAGIA PARASITICA. 



Bloody sweat appears to have been known in the horses of 

 Khodang, China, from remote antiquity (lycymacher). It was 

 noticed in Italian horses in i860 (Ercolani), and later in Hungary 

 and Spain by different observers. The most important contribu- 

 tion to the subject was made in 1877 when Drouilly and Conda- 

 mine demonstrated in the bleeding cutaneous nodules, a fine 

 thread-like worm (Filaria Haemorrhagica, F.Multipapillosa). 

 Other European records trace the cutaneous haemorrhages espe- 

 cially to eastern horses ; Barthelemy Sr. to the Steppe horses in 

 the wars of the first Napoleon ; Spinola thought it peculiar to the 

 Steppe breed ; Sibald to the white horses of Tartary. I^eymacher 

 and Fleming saw it in Hungarian horses ; Fleming in Arabian 

 horses, and in Indian horses in North China ; and I,iautard in 

 Spanish horses and mules in Algeria. Cutaneous haemorrhages 

 have also been seen in the ox but these have not been definitely 

 connected with filaria as the cause. 



Filaria Hsemorrhagica. The female worm only has been 

 found so that neither the morphology of the male nor the life 

 history of the parasite can be furni.shed. 



The female is 2 inches long, .355 mm. thick, of uniform size in 

 the anterior two- thirds, and tapering in the caudal third toward 

 the tail. The mouth is terminal, round, nude, and the anterior 

 part of the body bears numerous minute, conical, wart-like 

 papillae. Vulva in the anterior third. Oviducts very largely de- 



