4o8 Veterinary Medicine. 



Dracontiasis in Cattle. Avenzoar and DeMarchais speak of 

 the disease- as so common in this species in Arabia, that it is de- 

 scribed as the disease of oxen. The symptoms and course are 

 essentially the same as in other domestic animals. 



Prevention. Assuming that the worm enters the body in the 

 Cyclops swallowed, prevention would consist in using water from 

 deep, closed and cemented walls only, or in filtration or boiling of 

 the water. Some protection might be secured from the propaga- 

 tion, in the streams, of frogs or fishes which would devour the 

 Cyclops. 



Treatment. This consists in the extraction of the worm from 

 the tissues. The time honored method has been to seize the pro- 

 truding end of the worm and to extract it slowly to avoid break- 

 age ; or as this is often impossible by reason of the pain and risk, 

 to wind the projecting end of the worm round a small piece of 

 wood or a roll of sticking plaster which is fixed in place by a 

 bandage. At first the worm is stretched as far as it may without 

 laceration and made fast to the roller. Left to itself it extrudes 

 a small portion of its body to relieve the tension and this is wound 

 up at the next dressing, the process being repeated day by day 

 until the whole worm is extracted. This operates well in man, 

 horse and ox, but the dog, suffering more acutely or having less 

 patience, tears the bandage with his teeth and lacerates and re- 

 leases the filaria. In this animal, therefore, a free incision the 

 full length of the tumor, and the immediate extraction of the 

 worm as a whole is usually preferred. Or the knotted tumor may 

 be incLsed at different points and the worm extracted in pieces. 

 The well-known canine indisposition to suppuration or infection 

 tends to obviate evil results and ensure early healing. 



SUMMER SORES IN HORSES. DERMATITIS GRANULOSA. BURSATTI. 



A granular dermatitis has been long known to English veterin- 

 arians in India under the name of burSATTi as occurring in the 

 hot season following the monsoons, and Fleming, who was fam- 

 iliar with this, identified it with the corresponding disease seen in 

 Southern Europe and North Africa in summer and there traced 

 to the presence in the skin of a minute nematode (Filaria Irri- 

 t ns). Bonley described the sores in 1850, as caused by summer 

 heat and special complications, Rivolta in 1868 traced them to 



