Hcsmatozoa of Ruminants. 413 



furnished with a groove on its ventral aspect in which the female 

 is held. The latter is about Yz inch long. Ovum is long, narrow, 

 fusiform with a pyriform prolongation at one end, and an en- 

 closed ciliated embryo, which has a rudimentary digestive canal 

 and swims freely in water. 



Lesions: Symptoms. Intestinal catarrh, with round or papillary 

 elevations on the mucosa the size of a pin head and enclosing the 

 ova. Also exudation, thickening and ecchymoses of the intesti- 

 nal and vesical mucosas. It has been suggested that the hsema- 

 turia of cattle in Africa is due to this parasite as is the chylous 

 urine of man to the smaller variety. 



Prevention. In view of the compulsory developmental changes 

 of the trematodes in fresh water and molluscs, the rational course 

 of prevention is in the line of that advised for distoma hepaticum. 



CesTodes : Cysticercus TenuicoUis. This has been found 

 on the surface and in the muscular substance of the heart of rumi- 

 nants, but no dangerous symptoms have been the consequence. 



Echinococcus Veterinorum. These have been found in the 

 muscular substance of the heart and at different points of its sub- 

 stance, in the various countries of Europe. They have been 

 mostly unilocular cysts, each containing its own proscolex. In 

 some instances they were multilocular and many of them mere 

 daughter cysts without heads. The cysts varied in size from a 

 pinhead to a turkey egg, and in some cases had become calcare- 

 ous or caseated. 



Distinctive symptoms during life have never been observed. 



H.^MATOZOA OF RODENTS AND BIRDS. 



Trypanosoma. This flagellate infusorium, already described 

 as infesting the blood of the horse in Surra, has its counterpart 

 in that of Guinea pigs, rabbits and hares. The mature parasite 

 is about 30 ju, in length, cylindroid in front and median part, and 

 tapering into a long, caudal flagellum. At the root of this ap- 

 pendix is a rounded corpuscle which colors deeply with reagents 

 and is supposed to be the sucker. Birds harbor a similar organ- 

 ism. These may be found in strong, vigorous animals, but more 

 commonly in thin, emaciated, weakly and anaemic subjects suf- 

 fering from diarrhoea. 



