H^MATOZOA OF THE DOG. 



Filaria Iinmitis: In heart and pulmonary arteries ; 4 to lo inches long ; 

 6 labial papillae ; spiral tail in male ; caudal bursa ; ovoviviparous. Distri- 

 bution: China, Japan, India, Brazil, Gulf States, Pennsylvania, Denmark, 

 Italy, Germany, France. Lameness of Great Dane. Development : Mature 

 in blood ; embryos in superficial vessels at night, in thoracic and abdomi- 

 nal ones in day ; are sucked by mosquitoes and lice, and has possibly an ex- 

 ternal habitat in water or aquatic host. Lesions : 5 to 500 in single host, 

 around muscular pillars and cordae tendinse in pulmonary artery, venae 

 cavae. liver, subdermal connective tissue, embryos in nodes or exudates in 

 pleura, spleen, kidneys, bladder ; causes haemorrhage, embolism. Symp- 

 toms : Impaired he-irt action, gastric catarrh; intestinal, cystic, pulmonary 

 disorder, anaemia, fainting, paresis, deranged intellection ; wasting and 

 lameness of one hind limb ; polyuria, albuminuria, tube casts, palpitations, 

 cough ; lung flat or crepitant. Embryos in blood drawn at night. Treat- 

 ment : ol. terebinth, arsenic, strychnine, generous diet, out-door life ; keep 

 from unboiled water. Filaria Recondita : Embryos only, in puppies 5 to 

 6 months and upward ; identity uncertain. No pathogenesis recorded. 

 Spiroptera Sanguinolenta : In cysts on aorta as on gullet, small shot, pea 

 or walnut ; abrasion of intima, orifice into aorta, clots, embolism, rupture 

 into pleura, embolism of spinal vessels and paraplegia, rupture of aorta, 

 fatal haemorrhage. Prevention. Strongylus Vasormn : Causes endocar- 

 ditis, endarteritis, embolisms. (See lung worms). 



Filaria Immitis. This has been already referred to under 

 pulmonary parasites. Its usual habitat is the right heart and 

 pulmonary arterial .system, where it is easily recognized posi- 

 mortem on account of its large size (4 to 10 inches long). Body 

 white and thicker at the cephalic end. Mouth with .six small 

 papillae. Male has the caudal extremity twisted in spiral, three 

 or four turns, like a corkscrew, with two membraneous wings, 22 

 papillse in two lateral sets, and 2 .spicula. Ovoviviparous. 



Distribution. This worm was .seen by Panthot in 1679. It 

 has a very wide range of distribution but is particularly common 

 in certain countries such as China, Japan, Hindostan, Brazil and 

 other tropical countries. In Europe they have been found most 

 abundantly in Denmark, Italy, Germany and France. In North 

 America they have been observed at Philadelphia and in Georgia 

 and other Southern States. The lameness of the hind limbs in 

 Great Danes has been referred to this parasite, and in China, 

 European dogs die early on account of the parasite. 

 414 



