460 Veterinary Medicine. 



As the primary invasion is believed to be in the kidney in all, 

 or the great majority of cases, the prior existence of renal dis- 

 order should always be ground for suspicion of Strongylus Gigas 

 in a susceptible animal in an infested region. 



Strongylus Gigas in the Horse. In the horse the symptoms 

 should be similar, but the disease being much less common they 

 have been le,ss clearly identified, most specimens having been 

 found only post-mortem. I,abat alone records disorder of the 

 urinary organs in an affected mare, and examination of the urine 

 during life would doubtless have revealed the presence of the ova 

 in that liquid. Yet in Chabert's case the mare's left kidney 

 seems to have been to a great extent absorbed, being represented 

 by a very capacious sac of purulent fluid in which the worm 

 floated. Careful observation during life could not have failed to 

 detect renal symptoms and the urine must have furnished abun- 

 dance of ova. 



Strongylus Gigas in the Ox. There has been a similar lack 

 of careful observation of the symptoms in cattle. Greve, how- 

 ever, records the case of a bull which for a year showed difficult 

 urination and dribbling of opaque flocculent urine, and in which 

 the left kidney was represented by an enormous sac filled with a 

 foul purulent fluid and containing a Strongylus Gigas. 



Treatment. The main difiSculty, as in the case of all worms 

 outside of the alimentary canal, is in bringing in contact with the 

 parasite, a vermicide strong enough to destroy it, and yet harm- 

 less to the system of the host. Neumann suggests oil of turpen- 

 tine to cause the worm to emigrate, but this agent is transformed 

 before it is eliminated through the kidneys. Arsenic which is 

 mainly thrown off by the kidneys is more promising, given in 

 small doses for a length of time. Quinia and strychnine are 

 both secreted in large part by the kidneys unchanged and might 

 be profitably combined with the arsenic. Quassia and other bit- 

 ters might also be tried. 



OTHER PREDACEOUS, VENOMOUS, AND EI.ECTRIC 



ENEMIES. 



Tarantula : Hairy spiders of S. Europe, Asia, Africa, tropical and sub- 

 tropical America ; poisonous but rarely dangerous. Mental disorders hys- 



