FOREST, AND ITS FAUNA 39 



There are in addition a few bats and a few insectivores, 

 but the predominant forms belong to the orders named. 

 We shall begin with the ungulates, as including the 

 largest and most obvious of the inhabitants of the 

 forest. 



With the exception of the wild boar {Sus scrofa), 



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FiQ. 3. The Wapiti of the American forests, often miscalled Rooky 

 Mountain ' elk '. {Photo by the Biological Survey, U.S.A.) 



which just penetrates the Asiatic taiga from the south, 

 and excluding from consideration such forms as sheep 

 and goats, really mountain animals, we may say that 

 the ungulates of the taiga consist of deer. Deer are 

 typically forest-haunting animals, though some of them 

 feed on the outskirts of the forests, and a few species 

 inhabit open plains, especially in South America, where 

 large hoofed mammals are few. Except in South 

 America, the place of deer on grassy plains is taken by 



