APPENDIX 



OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS 



Readers who are not well acquainted with modem zoology 

 may find the following outline classification useful for refer- 

 ence. Fuller details will be found in any of the zoological 

 text-books, e.g. Thomson's Outlines of Zoology (Edinburgh), 

 or the more systematic Natural Histories, e.g. The Royal 

 Natural History (London). 



Of the terms used in modern classification, the word phylum 

 is important. A phylum includes a group of animals 

 whose members are characterized by a common ground-plan 

 of structure, and are believed to have been descended from 

 a common ancestor. Thus we distinguish the members of the 

 phylum of vertebrates from all the varied phyla of inverte- 

 brates by the fact that all have at some period of life a dorsal 

 supporting rod called the notochord, possess a tubular nervous 

 system, and have their respiratory organs, whether lungs or 

 gills, originating from the anterior end of the food-canal. 

 This phylum is divided into a number of smaller units or 

 classes as follows : 



PHYLUM VERTEBRATA. 



Class M a mma l i a, including warm-blooded hairy animals 

 whose young are nourished by milk after birth, with three 

 sub-classes : 



Sub-class I, Eutheria or Placentalia, the highest and most 

 intelligent mammals, whose young are nourished before birth 

 by an organ called the allantoic placenta, and are therefore 

 born with the form of the adult ; including nine orders. 



1. Primates, including monkeys, apes and man, as well as 



