APPENDIX 227 



the more primitive lemurs, forms with usually opposable 

 thumb and great toe, mostly arboreal in habitat. 



2. Chiroptera, or bats, insect-eating or fruit-eating forms 

 with the power of flight, the fore-limbs being greatly modified. 



3. Insectivores, generalized and usually small animals, with 

 affinities both with primates and with marsupials, usually 

 feeding on insects, and having cusped teeth. Examples : mole, 

 shrew, hedgehog. 



4. Carnivora, or flesh-eaters, a large order of often powerful 

 animals, with strong teeth, adapted either for life on land 

 or in water, having four to five toes. Examples : cat, dog, 

 bear, &c. 



5. Ungulata, herbivorous animals, often of large size, with 

 a reduced number of toes, and teeth adapted for a vegetarian 

 diet. In one sub-order (Perissodactyla) the third or middle 

 toe tends to predominate, and may be the only one present, 

 e. g. horse ; in the other sub-order (Artiodactyla) the third, and 

 fourth toes are equally developed, e.g. sheep and cow. .The 

 elephant and the rock-conies (Hyrax) of Syria show certain 

 primitive characters, absent in other ungulates. 



6. Rodentia, the gnawing animals, usually small, and having 

 characteristic chisel-edged incisor teeth, by means of which 

 they obtain their food. Eabbits, rats and mice are examples. 



7. Cetacea, or whales and dolphins, mammals very perfectly 

 adapted for life in water. 



8. Sirenia, or sea-cows, an old-fashioned group, including 

 only two living forms, also adapted for life in the water. 



9. Edentata, an old-fashioned heterogeneous order, including 

 sloths, ant-eaters, armadillos, &o., all with relatively simple 

 brains. 



Sub-class II, Metatheria or MarsupiaUa, including mammals 

 whose young are bom imperfectly developed, and are carried 

 by the mother after birth in a pouch, or marsupium; comprising 

 two orders: 



1. Polyprotodoniia, carnivorous forms, with numerous in- 

 cisor teeth, including the opossums and the Tasmanian wolf. 



P 2 



