24 CANINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY 



at each expiration. There is a short, dry, painful 

 cough. The pulse is full and bounding, running 

 at the rate of 150 to 190 a minute during the 

 hyperemic stage, but becoming softer and weaker 

 but still fast in the second and third stages. In 

 cases approaching a favorable termination the 

 pulse gradually regains its normal tone and rate, but in 

 those cases that do not recover the pulse becomes^ 

 weaker and weaker, until it is barely perceptible. 



While pneumonia is in progress the systemic 

 veins are apt to become overloaded and the mucous 

 membranes may assume a cyanotic tint, although 

 usually "they are congested and of a reddish color. 

 Thirst is always increased, but loss of appetite is 

 invariable. The condition of the bowels varies, and 

 though the patient is usually constipated, some- 

 times there is more or less diarrhea. The urine 

 is scanty and dark colored. 



In the first stage of lobar or croupous pneumonia 

 the most observable auscultatory phenomenon is 

 minute crepitation, which may be audible during 

 the whole of inspiration, sometimes during expira- 

 tion as well, and not infrequently at the end of 

 a deep inspiration, such as that which precedes a 

 cough. In association with this there may be no 

 change or percussion or there may be high-pitched 

 resonance. The second stage is marked by the 

 supervention over the consolidated portion of the 

 lung of cessation of the fine crepitation and the 

 development in its place of well-marked tubular 

 breathing; when, however, the bronchial tubes lead- 

 ing to these consolidated areas are completely ob- 

 structed there is total absence of respiratory 

 sounds. 



When pleurisy is coexistent with pneumonia, as 

 is often the case, the friction sound indicative of 



