46 CANINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY 



Empyema of the Superior Maxillary Sinus 



Necrosis of the fourth upper premolar often leads 

 to empyema of the superior maxillary sinus, into 

 which its roots penetrate, the pus discharging by a 

 fistula iust below the eye. This fistula may heal 

 for a time under an antiseptic treatment, but sooner 

 or later the discharge is reestablished. By the use 

 of a probe and tapping the afifected tooth the signifi- 

 cance of the fistula is recognized. 



Treatment. — The fourth premolar must be ex- 

 tracted, the probe pushed down the fistula into the 

 mouth, the sinus syringed out with an antiseptic, 

 and free drainage maintained. The syringing is 

 continued until healing takes place. 



Pharyngitis, or Sore Throat 



Cause. — Pharyngitis, or inflammation of the mu- 

 cous membrane of the pharynx, may be caused by 

 the extension or spread of inflammation from con- 

 tiguous organs, by irritant medicines and chemicals, 

 foreign bodies, or by injuries' caused by unskillful 

 attempts at removing obstructions lodged in the 

 throat or in passing the probang. 



Symptoms. — Pharyngitis is manifested by a some- 

 what stiff carriage of the head; difificulty in swal- 

 lowing solids ; sometimes by coughing, especially if 

 laryngitis exists also, and by a congested appear- 

 ance of the afifected mucous membrane. 



Treatment. — The throat must be examined for 

 foreign bodies, and if any are found they must be 

 removed ; this often presents considerable difficulty 

 in the case of needles or pins, and great care must 

 be exercised to avoid breaking them. The throat 

 should then be sprayed either with iodin solution, 



