116 CANINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY 



causes of that condition. In addition, arterioscle- 

 rosis, degeneration of the cerebral arteries, and in- 

 creased blood pressure are frequently responsible for 

 their rupture. 



Symptoms. — Indications of cerebral hemorrhage 

 appear suddenly, and they consist of disturbances of 

 the sensorium, vertigo, incoordination and involun- 

 tary ^ movements, collapse, and coma. The visible 

 mucous membranes of the head are intensely hyper- 

 emic, and bleeding may occur from the mouth and 

 nose. The pulse is very weak, breathing dyspneic, 

 and sometimes involuntary relaxation of the sphinc- 

 ters vesicae and ani is noticed. The local symptoms, 

 depending upon the location of the effusion, are 

 paralysis of single muscles or groups of muscles 

 (monoplegia) or semilateral paralysis, hemiplegia, 

 paralysis of the optic nerve, paralysis of sensation 

 of one half of the body (hemianesthesia), and para- 

 lyzed deglutition. 



Monoplegia indicates hemorrhage affecting the 

 motor centers of the cerebral cortex, while hemi- 

 plegia is a hemorrhage in the region of the path of 

 conduction up to the pyramid, paralysis of degluti- 

 tion, and hemorrhage into the medulla. 



Treatment. — Any treatment is usually ineffectual, 

 recovery being only partial, more or less paralysis 

 always remaining. 



Absolute quietness and freedom from exciting 

 causes are essential. The application of cold packs 

 to the head, free purgation, stimulants, and later 

 potassium iodid in full doses in the endeavor to cau^e 

 i^hsorption of the effusion are about all that can be 

 done. Any retraining paralysis should be treated 

 by. (massage, electricity, and the administration ot 

 Strychnin. 



