168 CANIJSIE MEDICINE AND SURGERY 



Ankylostomum Trigonocephalum 



The hookworm is white in color, the male from 

 nine to twelve millimeters , long, the female from 

 nine to twenty-one millimeters long. These para- 

 sites inhabit the small intestines and produce grave 

 symptoms. They are true bloodsuckers, producing 

 pernicious anemia. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms are those of grave 

 anemia — a gradual but progressive emaciation, and 

 debility. The appetite is unafifected at first, but 

 later on becomes capricious and finally disappears. 

 The coat is staring, the skin scaly and dry. The 

 nose is tumefied- and becomes excoriated with the 

 mucosanguinolent discharge. Later a copious 

 epistaxis supervenes, two or three ounces of blood 

 being lost at each attack. These attacks of epis- 

 taxis recur at intervals of a few days to several 

 weeks, during which the mucosanguinolent dis- 

 charge continues. 



In some cases convulsions occur. Intermittent 

 edematous swellings make their appearance on the 

 limbs, which finally become permanently edematous. 

 In the last stage there are ulcerations, gangrenous 

 patches, and persistent diarrhea, which may give 

 place to dysentery. The course of this condition 

 is extremely chronic, the animals lingering for 

 ■months or even a year. 



Treatment. — When pernicious anemia appears in 

 a pack of hounds extreme care should be taken to 

 thoroughly clean and disinfect the kennels. The 

 sick should be isolated and prevented from soiling 

 the drinking troughs, they should be fed and 

 watered in individual utensils which should be 

 boiled immediately after use, and their feces should 

 be burned. 



The anthelmintic which has been proved to be 



