122 SURVEYS OF FOREST RESERVES. 



the increasing need of additional summer range forced the sheep fartlier 

 and farther into the mountains, and, finally, to their very summits. 



The summer pasturage afforded by the Cascade Mountains to the 

 west of the plains soon began to attract the attention of sheep owners. 

 First the foothills, then the middle elevations, and finally the higher 

 slopes were occupied, a condition which has existed since about 1886. 

 A similar occupation of Gearhart, Warner, and other mountains in 

 southern Oregon, south of the plains, has taken place within the past 

 few years. 



THE CASCADE RANGE FOREST RESERVE. 



In the session of the Oregon State legislature for 1888-89, Judge 

 John B. Waldo, of Macleay, a member of the legislature, introduced a 

 joint memorial asking the Congress of the United States to set aside 

 as a forest reserve a certain specified tract in the Cascade Mountains. 

 This memorial passed the Oregon house of representatives, but failed 

 in the senate. The matter subsequently came uj) in the form of a peti- 

 tion to the President,and by a proclamation under date of September 

 28, 1893, he finally set aside the proposed lands as a forest reserve, 

 which have since become known as the Cascade Range forest Eeserve. 

 This reserve, which contains 4,492,800 acres, extends in a north and 

 south direction almost across the State, embracing the main ridge of 

 the Cascades and a broad strip ou either slope. It is about 235 miles 

 long, with a width varying from 18 to 00 miles. 



From the time the Cascade ileserve was created there was a difference 

 of opinion among the people of Oregon regarding the effect of sheep 

 grazing within its limits, one party to the controversy maintaining that 

 the sheep were a serious detriment to the interests for which the reserve 

 was created, the other maintaining That they weie not. The first 

 ofBcial action taken by the Government was the issuing of regulations, 

 under date of April 14, 1894, governing all the forest reserves, and 

 among other details prohibiting the " driving, feeding, grazing, pastur- 

 ing, or herding of cattle, sheep, or other live stock" within any of the 

 reservations. 



The effect of these regulations in excluding sheep from their custom- 

 ary summer grazing lands in the Cascades gave rise to vigorous and 

 continued protests from those interested in the sheep industry. These 

 protests finally resulted in a letter under date of February 10, 1896, 

 from the Oregon delegation in Congress to the Department of the Inte- 

 rior, recommending that in lieu of the present reserve three smaller 

 reserves be made, about .Mount Hood, Mount Jeffer-on, and Crater 

 Lake, and that the balance of the Cascade lieserve be thrown open. 

 Action favorable to this recommendation, however, was never taken by 

 the Department. 



During the summer of 1896, under special instructions from the 

 Attorney- General of the United States, dated January 10 of the same 

 year, several arrests were made of sheep herders, sheep owners, and 

 others grazing sheep on the reserve. Later these cases assumed the 

 form of civil instead of criminal proceedings, and on September 3, 1890, 

 suit was brought in the United States district court of Oregon against 

 several owners to enjoin them from grazing within the reserve. These 

 suits were pending for several months, until in May, 1897, the Attorney- 

 General, in view of probable early legislative action by Congress involv- 

 ing a new scheme of the administration of the reserve, issued instructions 

 that the injunction suits be discontinued. On June 4, 1897, the expected 

 legislation by Congress became a law in the form of a provision in the 



