WAYS OF NATURE 
have carried over from our remote animal ancestors. 
However this may be, it is certain that the sensi- 
tiveness of birds and quadrupeds to the condition 
of one another, their sense of a common danger, of 
food supplies, of the direction of home under all cir- 
cumstances, point to the possession of a power which 
is only rudimentary in us. 
Some observers explain these things on the theory 
that the flocks of birds have leaders, and that their 
surprising evolutions are guided by calls or signals 
from these leaders, too quick or too fine for our eyes 
or ears to catch. I suppose they would explain the 
movements of the schools of fish and the simulta- 
neous movements of a large number of land animals 
on the same theory. I cannot accept this explana- 
tion. It is harder for me to believe that a flock of 
birds has a code of calls or signals for all its evolu- 
tions — now right, now left, now mount, now swoop 
— which each individual understands on the instant, 
or that the hosts of the wild pigeons had their cap- 
tains and signals, than to believe that out of the flock- 
ing instinct there has grown some other instinct or 
faculty, less understood, but equally potent, that puts 
all the members of a flock in such complete rapport 
with one another that the purpose and the desire of 
one become the purpose and the desire of all. There 
is nothing in this state of things analogous to a mili- 
tary organization. The relation among the mem- 
bers of the flock is rather that of creatures sharing 
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