WAYS OF NATURE 
soned because a stingless drone, or male, when you 
capture him, will make all the motions with its 
body, curving and thrusting, that its sting-equipped 
fellows do. This action is from an inherited in- 
stinct, and is purely automatic. The wasp is not 
putting up a bluff game; it is really trying to sting 
you, but has not the weapon. The shell-less crab 
quickly reacts at your approach, as is its nature 
to do, and then quickly ceases its defense because 
in its enfeebled condition the impulse of defense 
is feeble also. Its surrender was on physiological, 
not upon rational grounds. 
Thus do we without thinking impute the higher 
faculties to even the lowest forms of animal life. 
Much in our own lives is purely automatic — the 
quick reaction to appropriate stimuli, as when we 
ward off a blow, or dodge a missile, or make our- 
selves agreeable to the opposite sex; and much 
also is inherited or unconsciously imitative. 
Because man, then, is half animal, shall we say 
that the animal is half man? This seems to be the 
logic of some people. The animal man, while re- 
taining much of his animality, has evolved from it 
higher faculties and attributes, while our four-footed 
kindred have not thus progressed. 
Man is undoubtedly of animal origin, but his 
rise occurred when the principle of variation was 
much more active, when the forms and forces of 
nature were much more youthful and plastic, when 
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