QUENOUILLE STANDARDS. 3% 
attained the height of from six to twelve feet before the bran shes 
were bent down; but the effect of this was to cover the shoots 
with blossom buds, and to produce the most extraordinary crops.” 
= a = 465 - ua 
Fig.16. Quenouille or conical training, pro- 
gressive stagea. 
gularly, so as not to crowd the head. 
head back the leader as in 8, to 
strengthen the side shoots. Next 
season a fresh series of lateral shoots 
will be produced, four or five of 
which may be kept every year; and 
the third or fourth year, the lower 
branches may be bent down in mid- 
summer, c, and kept in a pendulous 
position for a year or two, by tying 
them to stakes driven in the ground, 
or to the main stem. This success- 
ive growth at the top, and arrange- 
ment of the limbs below, must be 
continued till the requisite height— 4 ‘ 
say ten feet—is attained, when all the 
branches assuming their final form, 
the tree will resemble Fig. 17. A 
moderate pruning to produce new ? 
wood, and the occasional tying in of 
a rambling shoot, will be all that is 
required. Tke French quenouille 
training is performed with dwarf 
stocks, but the trees are more thrifty 
To produce Quenouille 
standards, plant a young 
tree, three or four feet 
high, and, after the first 
summer’s growth, head 
back the top, and cut-in 
the side branches, as re- 
presented by the dotted 
lines, ona, Fig. 16. The 
next season the tree will 
1, shoot out three or four 
{ tiers of side branches, ac- 
\ cording to its strength. 
hk. The lowest should be 
left about eighteen inches 
from the ground, and, by 
pinching off superfluous 
shoots, others may be 
made to grow pretty re- 
At the end of this season 
ag Oe A SO ee 
Fig. 11. Conical or Quenouiile 
s training, complete. . 
and durable when grafted 
on their own stocks, and kept within proper bounds by root pru 
ning, after Mr. Rivers’s method, explained in a previous page. 
