THE VAN MONS METHOD. 1 
pears frurting at three years,) and to pioduce a greater number 
of valuable varieties; until in the fifth generation the seedlinga 
are nearly all of great excellence. : 
Dr. Van Mons found the pear to require the longest time to 
attain perfection, and he carried his process with this fruit 
through five generations. Apples he found needed but four races, 
and peaches, cherries, plums, and other stone fruits, were brought 
to perfection in three successive reproductions from the seed. 
It will be remembered that it is a leading feature in this theory 
that, in order to improve the fruit, we must subdue or enfeeble 
the original coarse luxuriance of the tree. Keeping this in 
mind, Dr. Van Mons always gathers his fruit before fully ripe, 
and allows them to rot before planting the seeds, in order to 
refine or render less wild and harsh the next generation. In 
transplanting the young seedlings into quarters to bear, he cuts 
off the tap root, and he annually shortens the leading and side 
branches, besides planting them only a few feet apart. All 
this lessens the vigour of the trees, and produces an impression 
upon the nature of the seeds which will be produced by their 
first fruit; and, in order to continue in full force the progressive . 
tariation, he allows his seedlings to bear on their own roots.* 
Such is Dr. Van Mons’ theory and method for obtaining new 
_varieties of fruit. It has never obtained much favour in Eng- 
land, and from the length of time necessary to bring about its 
results, it is scarcely likely to come into very general use here. 
At the same time it is not to be denied that in his hands it has 
proved a very successful mode of obtaining new varieties. 
It is also undoubtedly true that it is a mode closely founded 
on natural laws, and that the great bulk of our fine varieties 
have originated, nominally by chance, but really, by successive 
reproductions from the seed in our gardens. 
It is not a little remarkable that the constant springing up of 
fine new sorts of fruit in the United States, which is every day 
growing more frequent, is given with much apparent force as a 
proof of the accuracy of the Van Mons theory. The first colo- 
nists here, who brought with them many seeds gathered from 
the best old varieties of fruits, were surprised to find their seed- 
lings producing only very inferior fruits. These seedlings had 
returned vy their inherent tendency almost to a wild state. By 
rearing from them, however, seedlings of many repeated gene- 
rations, we have arrived at a great number of the finest apples, 
* “T have found this art to consist in regenerating in a direct line of 
descent, and as rapidly as possible, an improving variety, taking care that 
there be no interval between the generations. To sow, to re-sow, to sow 
again, to sow perpetually, in short to do nothing but sow, is the practice 
to be pursued, and which cannot be departed from; and in short this is the 
whole secret of the art I have employed.”—-Van Mons’ Arbres Pruitiers, 
L. p. 223, 
2 
