54 



Bark gray, ridges smooth; upper part of leaf -scar of last year's 

 twigs with a mat of hairs; pitli dark-brown ; fruit oblong, 

 husk elammy 1 J. fiuerea. 



Bark dark br()\Mi, ridges rough; upi)er ])art of loaf-sear of last 

 year's twigs without a mat of hairs; pith light bro-\\'n; fruit 

 orbicular to slightly elongate, husk not idammy 2 J. nigra. 



1. Jiiglans oiiierea Linnteus. Butternut. Phitc 20. A 

 metlitini sized two, usually less than G dm. in diaiiKdor; leaf-scars with 

 upper uunRiii convex or i-arely notched; leaves 3-t) dm. iu length; 

 leaflets 7-19, tlie middle pairs the longest, clammy, almost sessile, 

 ohlong-lanceolate, (1-12 cnu long;, fine serrate, rounded at base and 

 acuminate at apex ; floweis in ]May or .June; fiuit rijK'ns in October, 

 4-S cm. long with 4 ]irominent longitudinal ridges; kernel sweet and 

 very oily; wood light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained but takes a good 

 polish. 



Distribution. — \^alley of the St. Lawrence River south to the Gtilf 

 States and west to Nebraska. Found in all parts of Inchan;i, although 

 very spaimgly in some counties. It is an infrec|uent tree in our range, 

 and in only a few localities is it frequent or common. It is found along 

 streams and in ravines, and in two instances it has been noted in old 

 tamarack marshes. It prefei'S a well drained gravelly .soil, and is rarely 

 if ever found in a compact soil. 



Thrifty ti'ees of any size in the woodland are now rarely seen. The 

 tops of the larger trees are usuallj' f(nind m a more or less dying con- 

 dition. Benedict and Elrod' as early as 1892 make the following 

 obsei'vation in a catalogue of the plants of C'as? and Wabash Counties: 

 "A few scrubby, half dead trees were seen, the last f)f their race. It 

 seems unable to adapt itself to new conditions, and is rapidly dying 

 out." 



Remarks. — This tree is often called the white walnut to distingush 

 it from the black walnut from which it is easily separated. It is too 

 rare in Indiana to be of economic importance, except that trees growing 

 in the open are spared for the nut cro]). Trees growing in the open 

 develop a short trunk with a wide spreading top and are apparently 

 much healthier than when grown under forest conditions. The bark 

 of the root is used in medicine as a hepatic^ stimulant. 



2. Juglans nigra Linnaeus. Walnut. Plate 21. One of the 

 largest and most valuable trees of the Indiana forest. Leaf-scars with 

 the upper margin notched; leaves 3-7 dm. long, mature leaves glabrous 

 above an<l pubescent beneath, leaflets, usually 11-23, almost ses,sile, 

 ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, finely serrate, long-pointed at apex; 



ilnd. Geol. Kept. 17:20.3:181)2. 



