63 



It has about 92 per cent of the strength and about 73 per cent of the 

 stiffness of shell-bark hickory. 



Distribution. — Vallej^ of the St. Lawrence River west to Nebraska 

 and south to the Gulf States. In Indiana a map distribution of the 

 species in the State shows that it has been found in practicallj^ all of the 

 counties on the west, north and east borders. It is usually found 

 in rich soil along streams and in rich woods, and may be found in all 

 of the counties of the State. Despite the fact that no animal agency 

 was active against the propagation of this tree, it was rarely found 

 more than as an infrequent tree throughout our i-ange. 



Remarks. — The hickories as a class, except the pecan, can not stand 

 "civilization," especially much tramping about the base. It appears 

 that the pig-nut hickorj'- is the most easily affected. In Parke County 

 about Coxville great numbers of the trees have been killed by the borers. 

 For the uses of the wood see shell-bark hickory. Since this species 

 does not produce as much marketable lumber as the shell-bark hickory, 

 and the nuts are valueless, it should not be recommended for planting 

 in the farmer's woodlot. The rossed bark of this species is preferred 

 by manufacturers of split-bottomed chairs, and is known by them as 

 "yellow-bud'' hickory. 



3. Carya ovata (Miller) K. Koch. Shellbark Hickory. Plate 

 24. Large and very tall trees; bark of young trees tight, beginning to 

 scale when the trees reach 1-2 dm. in diameter, separating into long thin 

 strips on old trees ; twigs at the end of the season usually stout, 3-5 mm. 

 in diamter near the tip, but some are slender and as small as 2.5 mm. 

 in duimeter, at first covered with hau's, becoming smooth at the entl of 

 the season or remaining hairy, reddish-brown; winter buds hairy, the 

 terminal one on vigorous shoots long-ovoid, outer scales sharp-pointed; 

 ordinai-y leaves 2-4 dm. long; leaflets 3-5, the lateral sessile or 

 nearly so, the terminal one on a stalk about 1 dm. long, uj) to 

 10 cm. wide and 22 cm. long, leaflets variable in shape from 

 ovate to oval, oblong-oval or obovate, all long taper-pointed, hairy 

 beneath when they unfold and remaining hairy until maturity or some- 

 times becoming almost glabrous; fruit variable in size, 3-6 cm. long, 

 usually subglobose, fun-owed along the sutures at least near the outer 

 end; husk freely splitting to the base, except one tree which was noted 

 where the husk remains on the nut, rarely opening for only a short 

 distance at the apex, verj' variable in thickness from 4-10 mm.; nut 

 exceedingljr variable, compressed, 4-angled, the angles generally visible 

 to the base, 2-3 cm. long, more or less pointed, rarely rounded at the 

 base or obcordate at the apex, generally ovate to oval in outline, some 

 almost freakish in shape ; shell generally thin ; kernel . sweet ; wood heavy. 



