34 



ripening the first season, berry-like, globose I)ut longer than wide, with 

 a bloom and a very resinous pulp about the seeds which are usually 

 ] or 2; wood light, brittle, close-giained, durable and fragrant. 



Dislribulioii. — Xova Scotia south to Floi'ida, west to Texas and 

 north to South Dakota. It is found in all jiarts of Indiana, although 

 sparingly in the northern part, especiall.y where streams with bluffs are 

 absent. No doubt this species in the original forests was confined prin- 

 cipally to the bluffs of streams and rocky ravines. Since the forests have 

 been cut, it is now found growing along fences, in ojx'n dry woods, and 

 in southern Indiana it is a common tree in old abandoned fields, and in 

 waste places. 



Reniark.s. — Red cedar has had many uses, and the large trees have 

 lieen ])ractically all harvested. It is now used pi'incipally for ])oles, 

 posts, cross-ties, cigar boxes and lead pencils. It is the best wood known 

 for lead pencils. The odor is so objectionable to insects that a market 

 has lieen made for chests of this wood in which to store clothing and 

 furs. 



SALICACEAE.i The AVillow Family. 



Ti-ees or shrubs with bitter bark; simple alternate leaves; flowers 

 in catkins, which fall off as a whole, the staminate after flowering, the 

 pistillate after ripening and scattering of the seeds, the staminate and 

 pistillate on different plants (dioecious); flower scales single, l)elow 

 each flower ; fruit a lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate capsule opening length- 

 wise into 2 recurving carpels or valves; seeds numerous, minute, oblong, 

 bearing a tuft of hairs at the base. CJenera 2, Salix, the willows, and 

 PopuhiK, the as]3ens and poplars, or cottonwoods, separated by the 

 folh)wing characters, those applying only to Indiana trees species in 

 ]iarentheses: 



Buds (•(nered bj- a .sin<<)o .scale; (leaf-blad«.s mostfy cnlongated, 

 more f hail t\\ico as long as wide) ; flower scale.s entire or 

 rarely sliallowly toothed at apex; stamens mostly 2 or .3-8 

 '^r 1'^ 1 Salix. 



Buds (•o\-e.red by tiumerous .scales; (lcaf-l)lades mostly eordate- 

 o\-a1o, less than twice as long as liroadj ; flower scales 

 deejily cut or laccTate; stamens more than 10 2 Populus. 



1. SALIX. The Willows. 



Trees or shrubs (occasionally herbaceous) witli usually clustered 

 tcims, twigs round; leaf-ljlades lanceolate and long-acuminate or 

 sllei)tic-lanceolate and short pointed in all Indiana tree species, finely 



i(::oDtribll(c<l tij C. R. Ball, Burcnu I'lant Inihistrv, Wa.shingtiin, D,C\, except. thi> 

 ^onu.s Populus. 



