68 



mure or loss often io tlio base: sliell very thick; kernel sweet; wood and 

 uses same as that of the shellbark hickory. 



Distribiilion. — Southwestern Ontario south to Alabama and west 

 to Louisiana, Nebraska and Iowa. Found throughout Indiana, except 

 there are as yet no records from the extreme northwest counties. It is 

 frequent to common in moist rich woods, or in rivei bottoms which is its 

 favorite hal)itat. It is usually associated with the shellbark hickory 

 wliere it grows in moist situations. Sometimes in the river bottoms it 

 glows in situations too wet for the shellbark hickorj-. In the lower 

 Wabash bottoms it becomes a common tree. 



Remarks. — This hickory is also known as the Iiig scalyliark hickory 

 and hard-head hickory. The nuts are an article of commerce and by 

 some are preferred to the shellbark hickory although the nuts are hard 

 to crack. This objection is easily overcome by wetting the nuts, and 

 drying them by using heat which cracks the shell, making them easy to 

 crack. 



5. Carya alba (Linni^us) K. Koch. White Hickory. Plate 26. 

 Medium sized tall trees up to 10 dm. in diameter; bark tight, of two 

 types, one light colored, thin and fissured into a net-work. This form 

 has been seen only in the river bottoms of the southwestern pait of the 

 State. The common type of bark is thick, with thick ridges, dark but 

 on the older trees it weathers to a light graj^ and becomes thickly 

 covered with lichens; terminal twigs of branches at end of season stout, 

 3.5-7 mm. in diameter ncarthe tij), densely haii'j' at first and remaining 

 hairy throughout the season or l)ecomiiig almost glabrous, reddish- 

 brown; terminal bud large, ovate, 10-20 mm. long; orilinary leaves 

 2-4 dm. long, the rachis and under side of leaflets densely hairy when 

 thejr unfold, remaining pubescent until maturity; leaflets 5-9, prevailing 

 number 7, long-oval, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate; fiuit usually globose, 

 more rarely shoit elliptic, ovate or obovoid, the husk rather tardily 

 opening to nearly the base, or only checking open at the to]); dried husk 

 3-8 mm. thick; nut variable in shajie, little compressed, somewhat 

 globose, a little longer than wide, moi'e rarely wider than long or short 

 elliptic, usually 2.5-3.5 cm. long, generally rounded at the base and 

 short -pointed at the apex, more rarely pointed at the base and long 

 pointed at the apex, (one specimen is at hand that is almost a square 

 box), usually with 4-6 angles, on some forms obscure; shell thick; kernel 

 vei-y small, sweet; wood and uses same as shelll)aidv hickorj'. 



Uislrihution. — Southwestern t)ntario south to the Gulf and west to 

 Texas, Missouri and Iowa. Found throughout Indiana, except thei'e 

 are no records from the extr(>me northwestern counties. This species 

 except ill the lower Wabash Valley is confined to the ujilands. It is 



