145 



site sides of the twigs, and between these there are generally additional 

 corky excrescences, especiallj' on the older branches; leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate or oval, some somewhat falcate, average blades 4-8 cm. long, 

 pubescent on both sides on unfolding, becoming at maturity glabrous or 

 nearly so above, some are rough above at maturity, remaining pube- 

 scent until maturity beneath; petioles short, generally 2-3 mm. long, 

 rarely 5 mm. or longer; fruit ripening before or with the unfolding of the 

 leaves; samara 6-10 mm. long, pubescent on both faces. 



Distribution. — Virginia west through southern Indiana to southern 

 Missouri, south to the Gulf and west to Texas. In Indiana it is con- 

 fined to the southwestern part of the State. Gorby's report for Miami 

 should be ignored. It has been reported as far north as Vigo and 

 Monroe Counties by Blatchlejr, and as far east as Clark County by 

 Baird and Taylor. The author has collected it in Crawford, Dubois, 

 Martin, Orange, Perry, Posey, Spencer and Warrick Counties. 



The tree has two rather distinct habitats. In the hill counties it 

 is found on the sides of cliffs, steep slopes or on the top of the ridges 

 with such species as the black, chestnut and scarlet oaks and chestnut. 

 In this habitat it is usually a small scrubby tree with an 

 excessive number of side branches. Such specimens usually have the 

 corky ridges well developed on all of the branches and the tree presents a 

 weird appearance. The second habitat is in the hard clay flats of the 

 southwestern counties. In Warrick County along Big Pigeon Creek 

 west of Boonville I measured a specimen 21 dm. in circumference and I 

 estimated the clear bole at 8 m. It was associated with sweet gum, black 

 gum, white elm, red birch, red oak, etc. It is found throughout this 

 county both in the "flats" and on the sandy ridges. In Posey County it 

 is a frequent tree in the low woods about 10 miles southwest of Mt. 

 Vernon. In these woods it acquires a diameter of 3-6 dm. and is asso- 

 ciated with post oak, Spanish oak, sweet gum, shingle oak, etc. It is 

 to be noted that specimens that grow in these conditions and those that 

 acquire a large size do not develop such conspicuous corky branches. 

 A large tree over 6 dm. in diameter was noted in the eastern part of 

 Gibson County growing in low sandy soil winch was destitute of corky 

 branches so far as could be seen from the ground. All of the branches 

 examined were free from coi-kj^ ridges, and only a few corky excrescences 

 were present. The specimen could easily be identified by the leaves. 

 Another large tree 12 dm. in circumference in a black oak woods 4 miles 

 south of Marengo in Crawford County was also free from corky ridges. 



This is an interesting tree and requires further study to establish its 

 range in Indiana and to learn its habits. In Jasper, Indiana, it is a 

 frequent shade tree. No doubt the trees were obtained from a nearby 

 woods along the Patoka River where this species is known to occur. 



