270 



A form of white ash with reddish-purple fruit is found from Steuben 

 to Clark County. This form is the prevailing tj^pe of white ash in 

 Wayne County in the vicinity of Centerville. It has been described by 

 Fernald as forma iodocarpa.^ 



The wood is heavy, hard, strong, elastic, sap wood white and the 

 heart wood light brown. It is one of the most valuable of Indiana woods, 

 and is used by almost all wood using industries. Its principal uses in- 

 clude handles, butter tubs, car and vehicle stock, automobiles and 

 implements. 



The white ash has been under cultivation at the Clark County State 

 Forest for fifteen years, and the present indications are that it is one 

 of the very best species to use for forest planting. It is hardj^; gi'ows 

 in nearly all kinds of soil, although it prefers a moist, rich soil; trans- 

 jilants successfulh'; grows rapidly; liears piiniing well; erect in habit 

 of growth, and so far in our area forest plantings have not been des- 

 stroyed by injurious insects. However, in some parts of the State, 

 where trees have grown in the cities, some have been killed by scale 

 insects. Aside from this the white ash would be an excellent tree for 

 roadside planting, because it comes into leaf late, and never produces a 

 dense shade. 



At present seed collectors are not able to separate the species of 

 ash, and as a conseciuence white ash seedlings bought from a nursery 

 are not always true to name. For this reason it is suggested that to 

 obtain seedlings true to name that seed be collected and planted from 

 a tree true to name. The seed should be planted in a sandy soil in 

 rows, about 25 seeds to the foot, and covered about an inch deep with 

 earth. The trees should be planted 4x4 ft. to 8x8 ft. apart. 



2. Fra\inus billnioreana Beadle. Biltmore Ash. Plate 125. 

 Large forest trees, resembling the white ash. Young trees acquire the fur- 

 rowed bark character earlier than the white ash, furrows of the bark of ma- 

 ture trees are usually deeper, and the ridges correspondingly farther apai't ; 

 twigs are ]'ol)ust like the white ash and always velvety pubescent excejjt 

 in age when they may Ix'come smooth; leaves generallj^ 2-3.5 dm. long, 

 rachis pubescent; leaflets 5-11, usually 7-9, generallj' 5-14 cm. long, 

 on stalks generally 0.3-1 cm. long, the terminal one on a stalk 2-4 

 times as long, leaflets bi'oadly ovate to narrow ovate, or oblong to 

 narrow oblong, narrowed, rounded, or oblifjue at the base, short or 

 long acuminate at apex, sometimes merely acute, margins generally 

 entire, sometimes with a few short teeth toward the apex, dark green 

 and smooth above, glaucous and more or less pubescent beneath; 

 fruit similar to the preceding species. 



'Rhodora Vol. 14:192:1012. 



