The only product and export is rubber, the proportions during 
1911 being: 
Upper Purus ........ 4,042,000 kilos 
Upper Jurua ........ 3,008,000 kilos 
Upper Acre: cece asc 3,526,000 kilos 
One of the most serious questions has been that relating to 
the ownership of land. The Federal Congress is prepared to 
solve this problem satisfactorily, by recognizing bona-fide hold- 
ings dating from before the Treaty of Petropolis, giving prefer- 
ence to property deeds granted by the State of Amazonas, next 
to those given by the Republic of Bolivia during its brief occupa- 
tion, and then to any possession obtained in good faith during 
the whole interregnum, up to the date of the last law passed. 
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 
For the protection of Brazilian rubber, and in order to facili- 
tate and develop its culture, as well as its final handling, a Fede- 
ral law was passed on January 5th of the current year. (No. 
2513 A.) 
Its principal measures are especially concerned with Amazon 
rubber and the country in which it is produced, viz.: the States 
of Amazonas and Matto-Grosso and the Acre Territory. The 
scheme embraces the construction of railways and roads, the 
clearing of rivers, reduction of import duties and of dues on river 
navigation, the establishing of coal depots, living accommodation 
for laborers, centres for the production of foodstuff, model cattle 
farms, prizes to rubber planters and exemption from import 
duties on all material for rubber working. 
Besides the Madeira Mamore Railway, which benefits prin- 
cipally the Madeira River district of Matto-Grosso, and a further 
branch of the same railway, now in course of construction, and 
which is intended to open up the Bolivian district of the Beni 
River, the Brazilian Government will construct another railroad 
(in the route of which the Commercial Association has suggested 
some alterations) to commence from Manaos and to work through 
the region of the Rio Branco, to link up with the English railroad 
already constructed in British Guiana up to the Brazilian bound- 
ary. This railway will open up to the State of Amazonas a huge 
tract of country admirably suited to agriculture of all kinds, and 
to colonization by Europeans. 
The Association Commercial will also propose the construc- 
tion of a further railroad to communicate by means of branch 
lines with the various provinces of the Acre Territory, in order 
to bring the product of that region to the lower Purus River, at 
a point which will admit of free access to steamers of deep draft 
to and from Manaos. 
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