12 CONFORMATION OF THE HORSE. 



on quality in this region. Some horses' shoulders 

 are very badly shaped, and this may arise through 

 a tendency towards weediness in the neck. The 

 development of the neck and shoulders in the 

 Suffolk horse affords an instance of remarkable 

 strength in this region, and these animals have no 

 superior for collar-work. A badly-shaped shoulder 

 predisposes the skin to be easily abraded ; in other 

 words, to collar-galls. The area of the shoulders 

 is almost always better defined in cart horses, 

 than it is in lighter -bred animals. The shoulders 

 should always be deep ; extensive ; and of good 

 muscular development, more especially in the 

 Hackney ; and the hunter. The free play of the 

 shoulders constitutes one of the most important 

 parts about a hunter. In thorough-breds and trot- 

 ting horses the shoulders are long. 



The Arms. 



The bone of the arm (humerus) joins the lower 

 end of the shoulder-blade to form the shoulder 

 joint, and, with the upper end of the fore-arm, it 

 unites at the elbow joint. The point of the elbow 

 is formed by the " ulna " at its summit. The 

 position the arm occupies is best seen from the 

 front, because it constitutes the lateral boundary 



