I30 CAUSES OF UNSOUNDNESS. 



furrow can be seen running along the floor of the 

 chest very Uke that which is so commonly observed 

 in a well-marked attack of pleurisy. The expiratory 

 effort is double — the so-called " double lift." It 

 is most important that a buyer should look at a 

 horse's breathing, as a broken-winded horse has no 

 marketable value, and it is quite an easy matter 

 to be taken in, many a broken-winded horse having 

 been sold as sound, but such sale constitutes 

 fraud. In addition to a careful inspection of the 

 breathing, it is advisable to cough the animal by 

 gently squeezing the upper part of the throat. A 

 broken-winded horse has a very characteristic 

 cough — once heard, it is easily recognized a second 

 time. Unprincipled dealers, however, resort to 

 the use of certain agents for the purpose of keeping 

 the cough in abeyance, such substances as a 

 mixture of shot and grease being given to the 

 animal just before it goes to the sale. Others, 

 again, make a point of giving doses of common tar 

 in the form of balls, daily, and this has, we believe, 

 a similar effect. The cough of a broken- winded horse 

 is short, hollow, and of a grunting nature. It may 

 be a difficult matter to find out how long the animal 

 has been affected with this disease, and it has 

 been argued that it may be sound in the morning 



