INSECT FOOD OF CARDINAL. 17 
related to the grasshoppers, belong to the order Hemiptera, which 
furnishes 3.72 percent of the cardinal’s subsistence. These dogday 
locusts, harvest or jarflies, which injure the twigs of trees, are, on 
account of their loud, vibrating song, among the best-known insects. 
\ 
Fic. 10.—Zebra caterpillar (Mamestra picta). (From Chittenden, Bureau of Entomology.) 
Their great size would seem to prevent most birds from capturing 
them, but 9 of the redbirds examined had accomplished the feat. 
The common harvest fly (Cicada tibicen, fig. 11) was identified from 
Fic. 11.—Harvest fly (Cicada tibicen). (From Lugger, Minnesota Experiment Station.) 
two stomachs, and according to A. W. Butler* the seventeen-year 
locust (T%bicen septendecim) also is eaten by the redbird. 
Several insects of this order are miniatures of the cicadas, such as 
the jumping plant-lice (Psyllide) and leaf-hoppers (Tettigonide). 
4Bull, 12, Div. Ent., 1886, p. 30. 
