26 



Paragonimus westermanni — The lung-fluke of hogs, cats, dogs; 

 causes a very serious lung disease of man. Symptoms sometimes 

 mistaken for those of tuberculosis. Asiatic disease but thfe species 

 has in recent years been found in United States (see Ward, '95). 

 Readily diagnosed by presence of eggs in sputum, as many as 12,000 

 daily discharged in one case studied. 



Schistosoma haematobium, the "blood-fluke" of man. The worms 

 occur in pairs in portal vein and in veins of intestine and bladder 

 wall. Eggs, provided with a stout terminal spine work through 

 tissues into the lumen of the intestine and bladder, often causing 

 serious malady. In Porto Rico and South America occurs a form 

 with lateral spined eggs, Schistosoma mansoni. 



Class CESTODA 



IMPORTANT REFERENCES 



Braun, '94-'oo; Cobbald, '79; Davaine, '77; Hall, '12; Stiles, '98 and '06; 

 Ward, '01. 



The greatest confusion still exists in the classification of the 

 Cestoda. This is due to the facts that the same species has been 

 independently described and named from different hosts, or that 

 different stages have been known under different names, and more 

 to the fact that the life histories of many common species are un- 

 known. We shall discuss a few representative forms, using as a type: 



Taenia solium — The pork tape- worm of man. About ninety 

 synonyms. Adult in small intestine of man. Immature stage 

 primarily in hogs but occasionally in man, and reported for dog, 

 cat, black rat, and various other animals. 



Form and structure — Body ribbon-like, forming a chain of many 

 segments; total length usually 2-4 meters. Head, or scolex, minute 

 (1 mm.) globular, with apical rostellum provided with a double row of 

 hooks, and with four suckers. Head followed by a short unseg- 

 mented neck, following which is a series of segments or proglottids, 

 800-1000 in number. Alimentary canal, circulatory, and respiratory 

 apparatus entirely lacking. Nervous system of two longitudinal 

 cords connected in the head and extending throughout the 

 body. Excretory system of two longitudinal canals communicating 

 by cross branches in each proglottis. Near middle of one side of 

 each proglottis a genital papilla, or pore. Reproductive organs occupy 

 almost entire segment, hermaphroditic, male organs developing 



