92 THE AYRSHIRE BULL. 



broad, and straight, and the tail set on level with the 

 back, and without a notch at its insertion. The body 

 shonld be well-ribbed, deep, and of good length, 

 especially deep in the flanks. A hollow space be- 

 hind the shoulders is extremely objectionable, as 

 indicating deficiency of constitution. The limbs 

 should be short, fine-boned, flat-boned, and firm- 

 iointed. A curve in the hind leg from the hock to 

 the hoof in front is very objectionable. 



In the thigh and the hinder parts must we espe- 

 cially look for the indications of quality for the trans- 

 mission of milk-yielding shapes. The thighs should 

 be thin and flat, and so far apart as to give great 

 space between. Watch the animal in his walk when 

 going from you. Shonld his legs cross, reject him. 

 Value him, if in standing his hocks are well apart. 

 The dairy bull should transmit to his female off'spring 

 the space for the lodgment of the udder, for this 

 is the key to breeding for milk. Look for the 

 escutcheon, for it is a good feature ; and if there is 

 vascularity to be seen here, prominently indicated 

 by the skin and the veins, give heed to it. >Ve also 

 like to see the presence of teats, and the better placed 

 these are the more valuable the indication. 



The dairy bull must conform to the type of the 

 ideal dairy cow. The points which indicate digestive 

 ability and space for the lodgment of the udder must 

 be strongly characterized. Hardly less important is 

 that feminine appearance joined on to a masculine 

 vigor, which is shown in part by a noble serenity 

 of expression. 



