UDDEK GLANDS. 205 



bounded laterally by the thighs, and varies somewhat 

 ill shape, according to tlie breed or individual dif- 

 ference. 



In the Ayrshire cow the glands of the udder are 

 flattened, and held close to the body by a fibrous, and 

 in part elastic tissue. The teats are small, cylindri- 

 cal, and set wide apart. The teats are prolongation 

 of the gland structure, in order to form an outlet for 

 the secretion. As the gland is flattened, the affinity 

 seemingly required by structure is, that the teat 

 should be ratlier short and flattened, that is, cylindri- 

 cal rather than cone-shaped. In the Jersey breed 

 the glands of the udder are pointed and the teats 

 are cone-shaped. They partake in form of the elon- 

 gation of the gland. The glands are not held as 

 close to the body as in the Ayrshire, but are pendent. 

 The glands are seldom of equal size, the anterior ones 

 often displaying a tendency towards extreme diminu- 

 tion, and the teats hang closely together. The Ameri- 

 can Holstein cattle — those large black and white cat- 

 tle from Holland — have an elongated udder. There 

 seems a hereditary want of tone in the tissues, as it 

 is usually quite pendent. The glands are elongated, 

 and in turn the teats are elongated cones. 



The outer covering of the udder is composed of 

 skin similar to that covering the body, but more thin 

 and pliable, and is covered more or less with a fine 

 hair of considerable length. Its interior structure 

 comprises areolar tissue, and white fibrous and yel- 

 low fibrous tissue, which not only form septa between 

 the glands, and connect the lobes, but also envelop 



