il28 NATURAL HISTORY OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 



The average size of the Haddock is probably not far from three or four pounds; many twelve- 

 pound fish are brought to market, and individuals weighing seventeen pounds are on record. 



In L879 Haddock were successfully hatched, under the supervision of Mr. Earll, at the G-lou- 

 cester station of the United States Pish Commission. 



Uses. — The Haddock is now very highly esteemed as a food fish, ha\ing grown in favor during 

 the last twenty years. It is especially desirable for boiling or for making chowders, and is a great 

 favorite in Boston, while iu Philadelphia enormous quantities are yearly consumed. Being well 

 adapted for preservation in ice, great numbers of them are distributed through the interior of the 

 country, together with the Codfish. The success with which the Scotch method of smoking Had- 

 dock has been introduced into this country has also greatly increased the demand for them, and 

 Finland Haddies are manufactured in enormous quantities in Portland and Boston. At Province- 

 town a Haddock salted and dried after being split is called by the name "Skulljoe," or "Scoodled 

 Skulljoe." 



68. THE POLLOCK. POLLACHIUS CARBONAEIUS. 



The Pollock, PoUachhts carbonarius, which is the Coalfish of England, the Kohler of Germany, 

 and the Sei of Norway and Sweden, is closely related to the Pollack of Great Britfiin, Pollachius 

 virens, from which, however, it is specifically different. It is one of the best-known fishes of North- 

 ern Europe, as may be inferred from the abundance of its common names. The following names 

 are in use in different parts of England : Baddoch, Billet, Billard, Black-Pollock, Black-Jack, 

 Black-Coalsey, Blockan, Blockin, Coal, Coal-fish, Coalsay, Coalsey, Coal-Whitin^-, Coleraie, Col- 

 mey, Oooth, Cudden, Cuddy, Dargie, Gilpin, Glassock, Glashan, Glossan, Glossin, Green-Cod 

 Green Pollock, Grey-lord, Gull-fish, Harbin, Kuth, Lob, Lob-Keling, Maulrush, Parr, Piltock, 

 Podley, Poddlie, Podling, Pollack, Prinkle, Rauning Pollack, Rawlin Pollack, Rock Salmon, 

 Raw Pollock, Saithe, Sethe, Sey, Sey Pollack, Sillock, Skrae-fish, Stenlock, Tibrie. 



Distribution. — Its geographical distribution is quite different from that of either the Cod or 

 Haddock, its northern range, at least in the Eastern Atlantic, being fully as wide as that of the 

 Cod, the species having been found in the northern part of Spitzbergen, beyond the parallel of 80°, 

 and on the arctic coast of Europe. It rarely enters the Baltic. Blocli records a specimen from 

 Lubeck, and it is said to occur on the coast of Pomerania. 



Concerning the limits of its southern range authorities differ. Gtinther places this at latitude 

 46° in the Bay of Biscay, while others claim that it enters the Mediterranean. Canestrini states 

 that it has been observed at Taranto.' It does hot appear, however, that the species is abundant 

 south of the English Channel. It occurs about Iceland and on the west coast of Davis Straits, 

 where specimens were obtained by Sir Edward Parry on his first voyage. North of Newfound- 

 land it does not seem to be very abundant, while to the soutli the limit appears to be in the 

 vicinity of Nantucket Shoals, where specimens are occasionally taken by the cod smacks. 



In Perley's "Catalogue of the Pishes of Nova Scotia," he states that he had never seen the 

 fish in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, nor heard of it except near the Straits of Canso, although it 

 was found very abundant in the Bay of Fundy and everywhere except iu the muddy waters, 

 such as those of Cumberland Bay and the Basin of Minas. 



I have seen large individuals taken in midsummer in the pounds iu Vineyard Sound, and 

 the capture of small individuals iu these waters is not unusual. They are often taken, according 

 to De Kay, off New York, in company with the Cod. In June, 1 881, the schooner " Edward E. 

 Webster," of Gloucester, Solomon Jacobs, captain, returning from a southern mackerel trip, feU in 



' Canestkini : Fauna d' Italia. Peschi, 1872, p. 155. 



