676 NATUEAL HISTORY OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 



Hexanchus corinus J. & G. Monterej' northward. 



Heterodontus Francisci (Grd.) Dum. Leopard Shark. Point Concepcion southward. 



Scylliorhimis ventriosus Garman. Ground Shark. From Monterey southward. 



Alopias vulpes (Gmel.) Bonap. Thrasher. Monterey Bay. 



Isurus sp. San Pedro. 



Lamna cornuhica (L.). Monterey Bay. 



Garcharodon carcharias (L.) J. & G. Man-eater Shark. Monterey Bay and southward. 



Oetorhinus maximus (L.) Blainv. Ground Shark. Monterey Bay northward. 



Sphyrna zygcena (L.) Eaf. Hammer-head Shark. San Pedro. 



OarcJiarias glaucus (L.) J. & G. Blue Shark. San Francisco and northward. 



Oarcharias lamella J. & G. Bay Shark. San Diego. 



Galeocerdo tigrinus Miiller & Henle. San Diego. 



Oaleorhinus zygopterus J. & G. Oil Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Triads semifasciatus Grd. Gat Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Triads Henlei (Gill.) Putu. Monterey and northward. 



Mustelus californicus Gill. Dog Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Squalus acanthias h. Dog-fish; Spinarola. Santa Barbara to Alaska. 



Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch) Gill. Puget Sound northward. 



Shovel-nosed Shaek — Heptkanohias maculattjs. 



This species is usually known as the " Shovel-nosed Shark." It reaches a length of three to 

 five feet. It ranges from Monterey Bay northward, being most abundant in Northern California. 

 About Eureka, on Humboldt Bay, it is pursued for its oil, which has some value. For a discus- 

 sion of this, see the account of Humboldt County, California. 



Oil Shaek — Galeorhinus ztopteeus. 



This species, which is closely allied to the common Tope of Europe, is known in California as 

 the "Oil Shark" or "White Shark." It reaches a length of five to six feet and a weight of thirty 

 to forty pounds, the average being about twenty. It ranges from Tomales to San Diego, being 

 especially abundant in spring about Monterey and Los Angeles, especially at Soquel, Monterey, 

 Westminster, and Newport. It feeds on other fishes, herring being the best bait. It brings forth 

 its young alive from April to August, entering small bays and lagoons for this purpose. At these 

 times it is chiefly taken. It is valued for the oil in its liver and for its fins. A liver makes from 

 one-half to one gallon of oil. The fins are sold to the Chinese, who dry them, and removing the 

 skin and flesh extract from the rays a fine, clear- white gelatine, which is highly valued by them for 

 making soups. This is the only American species the fins of which they consider valuable. 



Dogfish — Sqtjaltjs acanthias. 



This species is everywhere called the "Dogfish." The Italian fishermen also call it "Spina- 

 rola." It reaches a length of about three feet. It ranges from Alaska southward as far as Santa 

 Barbara, but its abundance is from Puget Sound northward among the islands. It lives 

 especially in deep or quiet bays and channels, coming into shallower waters in pursuit of schools 

 of herring, smelt, or salmon. It feeds on anything, even its own young, but the herring make the 

 chief part of its diet. The young are brought forth in June in Puget Sound. It is valued for its 

 liver, from which dogfish oil is extracted. 



